tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-231313352024-03-23T12:54:35.637-06:00Cambodian Visions & Paradigm ShiftsThis blog journal provides you knowledge on Cambodia, Buddhism, ways of life and contemporary worldview.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger265125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23131335.post-58726654296706100732020-06-22T16:08:00.002-06:002020-06-22T16:10:38.818-06:00Fathers Day<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<h1>
Fathers Day Writen By. Phallika Seng</h1>
2020/21/06 Fathers Day.<br />
On Fathers Day I made some food for my dad like chicken and eggs. We went into my Dads van after that and drove to Surrey to get an inflatable boat at Canadian Tire but when we were there my sister (littlest sister) was sleeping and so I had to stay in the car with my other sister Phallita. Minutes later my sister in the front of the car and trying to open the windows but truns on the alarm of the car I was super mad at her for doing that so I asked her to go and sit in the back when it stopped beeping or honking. After my dad came back with nothing I told him what happened when he was shopping. So then after that when we were going to Walmart both of my sisters slept and I really wanted to go inside of Walmart but I had to stay in the car again and I was sad but I had my dads phone when he left and had the keys for the car if the beeping happened again. After my dad came back with food we went to go to the Buddhist temple to give the food and my dad wanted me to take a video of it so I did and then we headed to tthe gas station to get the gas for the car and we got the the gas station that was close and got gas I helped my dad out the gas in the car and also washed the car. Got mcdonalds and went home and when we were home my mom was also so we watched a movie and then the day was done I went to bed and slept and that was my Fathers day or my dads I don't really know. <br />
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</html>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23131335.post-61360228922813409442019-03-17T12:26:00.002-06:002019-03-17T12:26:25.131-06:00Progressive assessment and evaluation of early children and primary schoolingគោលការណ៍វាយតំលៃនិងវាស់កំរិតជឿនលឿននៃការសិក្សារបស់ក្មេងមត្តេយ្យនិងបថមនៅកាណាដា។<br />
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23131335.post-4616110547724586442019-03-07T12:12:00.000-07:002019-03-07T12:12:03.274-07:00Happy Women Rights Day 8 March 2019These are an invaluable art from a girl!<br />
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23131335.post-88740685758099098382019-02-12T10:42:00.001-07:002019-02-12T10:44:15.345-07:00Weekly Reflection 8<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Friday February 8 <u>Weekly Reflection </u></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Things we did or learned this
week : </div>
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<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
- Continued “ Skills for Success”
where students work on math skills at their level then take a small
skills quiz to prove they understand the concept. Then they move up
to the next harder skill to practice and quiz. For students that can
prove they have mastery of grade three level skills ( adding and
subtracting to three digits with regrouping ) they can move beyond
into multiplying and dividing skills.</div>
<ul>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Played
various puzzles and games and used chopsticks to pick up objects for
counting collections as a way to celebrate Chinese New Year and
build our numeracy skills.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Did an All
the facts and a How Many Ways, and Which One Doesn't Belong,plus
I-pad games for math and coding.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
We
continued with our Literacy routines of Word Work , Journals, and
Literacy Centers activities while introducing a new way of
organizing our Literacy time , called '' Daily 5 ''. We are
practicing increasing our reading stamina ( sitting and reading a
book by ourselves for longer and longer while asking ourselves
''Who and What'' to monitor comprehension ).
</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Read the
legends of Owl,Bear, and Raven.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Our student
teacher , Ms. Henderson read us a story,'' The Word Collector'' and
we compared that story to ,''The Boy Who Loves Words''. We then
chose words to define and hand on our own word line.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Practiced
and performed a Reader's Theatre to build our fluency skills.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Chose to
read either a Currents for Kids article or Jenna White Mysterys to
practice our comprehension skills.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Reviewed
vocabulary for Science, watched a video about convection,conduction
and radiation.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Watched a
video about Chinese New Year customs and practied writing keyword
notes.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Reviews the
main parts of culture and read story called,'' Milo and the
Mysterious island'' in which mice venture to another culture and how
to react to others. We then looked for evidence of culture in the
story.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Practiced
our balance and tumbling skills in gym with our ,'' Parkour
/Gymnastics''.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Kept
researching for our Genius Hour projects.</div>
</li>
<li><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
We helped
our little buddies celebrate 100 Day with counting 100 objects and
grouping them.
</div>
</li>
</ul>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23131335.post-8027856752123548612019-01-26T17:52:00.002-07:002019-01-26T17:52:57.645-07:00Friday Jan,18 Weekly Reflection <br />
- Played math games ( Differenceand War and I wish I had ) to help us increase our subtraction fact fluency. <br />
- Begin a new math routine called ,"Skills for Success"where students work on math skills at their level then take a small skills quiz to prove they understand the concept. Then they move up to the next harder skill to practice and quiz.For students that can be they haved mastered of grade three level skills ( adding subtracting to 3 digits with regrouping )they can move beyond into multiplying and dividing skills.<br />
- Practice applying our problem-solving skills with, " hot chocolate"related math problems. We continued to look for clues words and find the best strategy to help solve the problem( make an organization list, guess and check, etc. )<br />
- We continued with our Literacy routines of Word work ,Journals and Literacy Center activities .<br />
- Read the Mystery of the Rainforest, where we continued to practice our close reading skills and tried to solve the mystery .<br />
- Begin reading Magic Tree House Adventure ,Buffaloes Before Breakfast as a read aloud . We are looking for clues as we read and are practicing our good reading strategies ( visualizing,questioning, connecting, inferring, predicting, summarising ). The book ties in with our Social studies learning about First Nations culture. We are picturing what life was like and how people met their basic needs and wants 200 hundred years ago.<br />
- Played games in the Gym and participated in the school-wide fitness Friday as our on fitness Friday .Srey Pichhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13170193917748982812noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23131335.post-81430640673234935032019-01-19T19:58:00.000-07:002019-01-19T19:58:17.147-07:00Weekly reflection on Friday 11 January 2019Friday January 11 Weekly Reflection By Phallika Pich Seng<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOxybxHarNBEKwRdSER_kX-V0hZoAJqnflHsn0YmDLvMQreSrfMpxlxLx_yvignQJB-3PYL5HEHYGzFWZ_vGIqPZCM5MlAqQYhLeHSqkEXPeCAjKj_QUhX_m7vbF__ODXOBtza/s1600/Anna+Phone+006.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Picture taken in 2016" border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="900" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOxybxHarNBEKwRdSER_kX-V0hZoAJqnflHsn0YmDLvMQreSrfMpxlxLx_yvignQJB-3PYL5HEHYGzFWZ_vGIqPZCM5MlAqQYhLeHSqkEXPeCAjKj_QUhX_m7vbF__ODXOBtza/s320/Anna+Phone+006.jpg" title="" width="180" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Picture taken in 2017</td></tr>
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<li>Completed our addition and subtraction review called, '' Show What You Know '' in our text books , then had a small quiz to show what we understand .</li>
<li>Completed an All the Facts and Which One Doesn't Belong to warm up our math brains after the break !</li>
<li>Played math games to help us increase our fact fluency.</li>
<li>We continued doing Literacy routines of Word Work , Journals, and Literacy Centers activities.</li>
<li>Practiced our public speaking skills as we did a round of Show And Tell.</li>
<li>Wrote,'' My Holidays, Fact OR Fiction?'' which we read out and had the class guess if what we wrote was true or fake. It was a lot of fun and and the writing was amazing.</li>
<li>Read the Mysteries of Cancelled Light Show, where we learned about Niagara Falls and looked for clues in the text to solve the mystery of who cut the power.</li>
<li>Voted to read Magic Tree House, Buffaloes Before Breakfast as read aloud instead of Lit Circles for a change up. We are looking for clues as we read and practicing our good reading strategies (visualizing, questioning, connecting, inferring, practicing, summarizing). This book also ties into our Socials learning about First Nations cultures.</li>
<li>Practiced reading a picture book with fluency and expression and read it to our little buddies. We also showed them our biodiversity books we made.</li>
<li>Played games in Gym and participated in the school-wide Fitness Friday as well as our own Fitness stations.</li>
<li>Has a school-wide assembly with a theme of goal setting.</li>
<li>Read about hidden sugar in beverages and learned about the benefits of water to keep our bodies healthy.</li>
<li>Made New Year's Resolutions and created a display on our bulletin board.</li>
<li>Introduced Genius Hour and chose our driving questions that we want to answer. All students should have brought this home for parents tos sign off on.</li>
<li>We began exploring our new science learning for this term, "All matter is made of chemical reactions, friction, convection, conduction, radiation, conductors, insulators). </li>
<li>We brainstormed what we already know, question we have, then watched a video and wrote what we learned from that. We performed a small experiment using thermometers to measure temperatures of hot, room temperature, and cold water to practice the scientific method. We started reading and learning with a mini-book about thermal Energy and Heat.</li>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23131335.post-37736323839355712002019-01-11T23:35:00.000-07:002019-01-11T23:35:02.327-07:00Here is the full text of the resignation letter of Jim Mattis as U.S. secretary of defense<div style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px;">
នេះបានសមជាអ្នកបំរើជាតិពិតប្រាកដមែន៖ លោកជេម ម៉ាទីស រដ្ឋលេខាធិការក្រសួងការពារជាតិអាមេរិក<br />----</div>
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Here is the full text of the resignation letter of Jim Mattis as U.S. secretary of defense:</div>
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SECRETARY OF DEFENSE<br />1000 DEFENSE PENTAGON<br />WASHINGTON, DC 20301-1000</div>
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December 20, 2018</div>
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Dear Mr. President:</div>
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I have been privileged to serve as our country’s 26th Secretary of Defense which has allowed me to serve alongside our men and women of the Department in defense of our citizens and our ideals.</div>
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I am proud of the progress that has been made over the past two years on some of the key goals articulated in our National Defense Strategy: putting the Department on a more sound budgetary footing, improving readiness and lethality in our forces, and reforming the Department’s business practices for greater performance. Our troops continue to provide the capabilities needed to prevail in conflict and sustain strong U.S. global influence.</div>
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One core belief I have always held is that our strength as a nation is inextricably linked to the strength of our unique and comprehensive system of alliances and partnerships. While the U.S. remains the indispensable nation in the free world, we cannot protect our interests or serve that role effectively without maintaining strong alliances and showing respect to those allies. Like you, I have said from the beginning that the armed forces of the United States should not be the policeman of the world. Instead, we must use all tools of American power to provide for the common defense, including providing effective leadership to our alliances. NATO’s 29 democracies demonstrated that strength in their commitment to fighting alongside us following the 9/11 attack on America. The Defeat-ISIS coalition of 74 nations is further proof.</div>
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Similarly, I believe we must he resolute and unambiguous in our approach to those countries whose strategic interests are increasingly in tension with ours. It is clear that China and Russia, for example, want to shape a world consistent with their authoritarian model gaining veto authority over other nations’ economic, diplomatic, and security decisions to promote their own interests at the expense of their neighbors, America and our allies. That is why we must use all the tools of American power to provide for the common defense.</div>
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My views on treating allies with respect and also being clear-eyed about both malign actors and strategic competitors are strongly held and informed by over four decades of immersion in these issues. We must do everything possible to advance an international order that is most conducive to our security, prosperity and values, and we are strengthened in this effort by the solidarity of our alliances.</div>
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Because you have the right to have a Secretary of Defense whose views are better aligned with yours on these and other subjects, I believe it is right for me to step down from my position. The end date of my tenure is February 28, 2019, a date that should allow sufficient time for a successor to be nominated and confirmed as well as to make sure the Department’s interests are properly articulated and protected at upcoming events to include Congressional posture hearings and the NATO Defense Ministerial meeting in February. Further, that a full transition to a new Secretary of Defense occurs well in advance of the transition of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in September in order to ensure stability within the Department.</div>
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I pledge my full effort to a smooth transition that ensures the needs and interests of the 2.15 million Service Members and the 732,079 DoD civilians receive undistracted attention of the Department of all times so that they can fulfill their critical, round-the-clock mission to protect the American people.</div>
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I very much appreciate this opportunity to serve the nation and our men and women in uniform.</div>
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James N. Mattis</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23131335.post-79394163067000265522019-01-10T12:50:00.000-07:002019-01-10T16:10:39.167-07:00វិធីព្យាបាលការក្អួតរបស់ក្មេង<h2 style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; text-align: center;">
Treating Your Child for Vomiting=វិធីព្យាបាលការក្អួតរបស់ក្មេង</h2>
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Vomiting is more forceful and painful than spitting up. Vomiting can cause a child to lose fluids, so it's important to watch for dehydration. ការក្អួតគឺដោលនិងឈឺខ្លាំងខុសពីការស្តោះទឹកមាត់ ដូច្នេះត្រូវប្រុងប្រយ័ត្នតាមដានការអស់ជាតិទឹកក្នុងខ្លួន។<br />
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អាហារមានជាតិពុល គឺជាសាហេតុភាគច្រើននាំអោយក្មេងក្អួនចង្អោរខ្លាំង</div>
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1. Treat Symptoms of Vomiting=ការព្យាបាលអាការៈក្អួត<span class="text_exposed_show" style="display: inline; font-family: inherit;"><br />- Give fluids in small amounts. ផ្តល់ទឹកផឹកក្នុងបរិមាណតិច<br />- If your infant is breastfeeding, continue to nurse your baby. បើបំបៅកូន បន្តបំបៅ<br />- Your doctor may want you to give your baby small amounts of oral electrolyte solution. Check the amount with your doctor.្ វេជ្ជៈបណ្ឌិតអាចនឹងផ្តល់អោយនូវទឹកអេឡិចត្រូឡាយតាមមាត់ក្នុងបរិមាណតិច។<br />- Give toddlers about one tablespoon of oral electrolyte solution, ice chips, diluted juice, or clear broth every 15 minutes. If your child continues to vomit, call your doctor. ផ្តល់អោយក្មេងទើបចេះដើរមួយស្លាបព្រាតូចនូវទឹកអេឡិចត្រូឡាយតាមមាត់ ដុំទឹកកកតូច ទឹកផ្លែឈើរាវគ្មានកាក ឬទឹកចំរាញ់រាវគ្មានកាកគ្រប់១៥នាទីម្តង។</span></div>
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2. Watch for Signs of Dehydration=តាមឃ្លាំមើលរោគសញ្ញានៃការខ្សោះជាតិទឹក<br />
- Call your doctor if you see any of these signs: dry mouth, crying without tears, dry diapers, urine that is very dark, sunken soft spot on the top of the head.្ ពិនិត្យមើមាត់ស្ងួត យំអត់ទឹកភ្នែក កន្ទបស្ងួត ទឹកនោមដែលមានព៌ណខ្មៅ មានពកទន់ៗផុសចេញនៅលើក្បាល ហើយត្រូវទូរស័ព្ទប្រាប់វេជ្ជៈបណ្ឌិតជាបន្ទាន់បើមានអាការៈទាំងអស់នេះ។</div>
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3. After 3 to 4 Hours Without Vomiting = ៣ឬ៤ម៉ោងដែលមិនមានការក្អួតក្រោយមក<br />
- Give your child larger amounts of fluid. ផ្តល់អាហារក្នុងបរិមាណច្រើនអោយគេញ៉ាំ</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23131335.post-17895612299471336522019-01-10T12:47:00.004-07:002019-01-10T12:47:56.704-07:00ជំងឺធ្លាក់ទឹកចិត្ត<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Depression = ជំងឺធ្លាក់ទឹកចិត្ត</span></h2>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Symptoms រោគសញ្ញាមានដូចជា៖</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">- Trouble concentrating, remembering details, and making decisions. បញ្ហាចិត្តមិនស្លុង ការចងចាំមិនច្រើន និងការសម្រេចចិត្ត</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">- Fatigue. ល្ហិតល្ហៃ អស់កំឡាំង</span><br style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">- Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, and helplessness. តូចចិត្ត គ្មានតំលៃ និងគ្មានគេជួយ</span><span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; display: inline; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><br />- Pessimism and hopelessness. ទុទិដ្ឋិនិយម និងគ្មានគេជួយ<br />- Insomnia, early-morning wakefulness, or sleeping too much. គេងមិនលក់ ព្រឹកពីព្រលឹមអុលជាប់ជានិច្ច ឬដេកច្រើនជ្រុល<br />- Irritability. មួម៉ៅឆាប់ខឹង<br />- Restlessness. អន្ទៈសារ<br />- Loss of interest in things once pleasurable, including sex. ឈប់អារម្មណ៌របស់ដែលធ្លាប់ធ្វើអោយសប្បាយរួមទាក់ការរួមភេទ។</span><br />
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<span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; display: inline; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><br /></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23131335.post-91240621575791812562019-01-03T13:32:00.001-07:002019-01-03T13:32:32.274-07:00Rainy dayWhat's rainy day?<br />
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23131335.post-80786819272509953302019-01-02T17:34:00.001-07:002019-01-19T17:22:56.162-07:00I got a phone to update blogThank you dad for the phone and I used my phone for good things and not be bad<br />
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Srey Pichhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13170193917748982812noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23131335.post-79932059639016076502018-12-22T16:17:00.001-07:002018-12-23T13:25:06.526-07:00My Winter Adventure By Phallika My Winter Adventure Dec .2018<br />
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One blustery , cold winter day, i woke up to find the word blanketed in fresh snow!<br />
I run to my window and I saw my sisters' playing in the snow. I went to my closet to get my scarf,mittens and my snow clothing. When I was done I went outside and my friend's were there I was happy because I knew what was going on , oh and<br />
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I'll tell you right now . So my friend's and I are going somewhere .We are going to a place that i don't know and it starts with a A ya a A and we went with car.When we were there I was runing because we were there but something bad happened. The snow went crazy and we went inside.When we were inside we drink hot coco it was yummy. THE END<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23131335.post-64442467564456323732018-12-20T18:40:00.002-07:002018-12-20T18:40:37.288-07:00Database Records part IOp-Ed: <a href="https://petition.khmeroversea.info/database-record-part-i/" target="_blank">The CEROC</a><br />
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កំណត់ហេតុក្នុងទិន្នន័យ</h3>
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ហេតុអ្វីបានជាគេហៅថា រដ្ឋាភិបាលខុសច្បាប់?</h3>
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មានបងប្អូនខ្មែរយើងដាក់ចំងល់និងសំណួរជាច្រើនដល់រដ្ឋាភិបាលលោកហ៊ុន-សែន បច្ចុប្បន្នថាជារដ្ឋាភិបាលខុសច្បាប់ក្រោយពីបោះឆ្នោតប្រកបដោយបដិវាទកម្មកាលពីថ្ងៃទី២៩ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០១៨។ មតិសំខាន់មួយចំនួនផ្តោតទៅលើនីតិវិធីរៀបចំបោះឆ្នោតរបស់គជប ខ្លះ ទៀតទៅលើនីតិវិធីតុលាការដែលខ្វះឯករាជ្យភាព និងខ្លះទៀតទៅលើអាកប្បកិរិយានៃការ ប្រើប្រាស់អំណាចរបស់អ្នកកាន់អំណាច។ ប៉ុន្តែមតិដែលសំខាន់ជាងគេនិងខ្វះមិនបានគឺការ រំលោភទៅលើរដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញរបស់ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជាដែលចែងច្បាស់អំពីអ្វីគឺជាតិនិងអ្វីគឺ<br />
រដ្ឋាភិបាល?។</div>
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ជាតិគឺមានន័យថាប្រទេសដែលមានប្រជាពលរដ្ឋនិងដែនអធិបតេយ្យភាព។ តាម រដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ ប្រជាពលរដ្ឋគឺជាម្ចាស់ប្រទេស ហើយអំណាចគ្រប់គ្រងប្រទេសគឺជាប្រជាពលរដ្ឋ ដោយអនុវត្តន៍តាមរយៈតំណាងរាស្រ្តរបស់ខ្លួនដែលខ្លួនជ្រើសរើសអោយធ្វើការក្នុងរដ្ឋសភាដើម្បីតាក់តែង ត្រួតពិនិត្យ វិសោធនកម្ម និងពង្រឹងអោយមានការអនុវត្តច្បាប់។</div>
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រដ្ឋាភិបាលគឺបណ្តុំអ្នកដឹកនាំដែលសភាក្នុងគណបក្សរបស់ខ្លួនបានទទួលសំលេងឆ្នោតច្រើនជាងគេដាច់ខាតក្នុងការជ្រើសរើសក្បាលម៉ាស៊ីនគឺនាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រីព្រមទាំងសមាជិក</div>
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ខុទ្ធកាល័យនៅក្នុងទីស្តីការគណៈរដ្ឋមន្ត្រីដោយមាននីតិវិធីក្នុងការអនុវត្តរបស់ខ្លួនទៅតាមច្បាប់ស្តីពីទីស្តីការគណៈរដ្ឋមន្ត្រី។ តាមច្បាប់បច្ចុប្បន្នចាប់ពីរដ្ឋមន្ត្រីឡើងទៅរហូតដល់នាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រី គឺជាសមាជិកនីតិប្រតិបត្តិដែលត្រូវបានកំហិតដោយរដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញមានអំណាចអនុវត្ត ហើយដាច់ ស្រឡៈពីអំណាចនីតិបញ្ញត្តិនិងអំណាចតុលាការ។ សូមបញ្ជាក់ថាក្រោយពីច្បាប់ប្រគល់អោយ នាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រីមានសិទ្ធិតែងតាំងរដ្ឋលេខាធិការនិងអនុរដ្ឋលេខាធិការដោយត្រង់មក តំណែងទាំង ពីរនេះនឹងមិនជាសមាជិកទីស្តីការគណៈរដ្ឋមន្ត្រីដែលជាកូតាគណបក្សឈ្នះឆ្នោតតាមច្បាប់ទៀតឡើយ។ ជាសរុប លទ្ធផលបោះឆ្នោតកន្លងមកគឺជាការបោះឆ្នោតបែបឯកបក្ស ហើយលទ្ធផល ឆ្នោតគឺជាលទ្ធផលឯកបក្ស ដែលប្រការនេះនាំទៅរកការបង្កើតរដ្ឋាភិបាលឯកបក្សមិនស្របច្បាប់ ដែលមានសមាជិកជានាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រី ទេសរដ្ឋមន្ត្រី និងរដ្ឋមន្ត្រី។</div>
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<strong>ដូច្នេះ ជាតិកម្ពុជាដែលមានប្រជាជនជាង១៦លាននាក់ មន្ត្រីរាជការស៊ីវិលនិងកងកំលាំង ប្រដាប់អាវុធសរុបទាំងអស់ជិត២លាននាក់គឺជាក្រុមជំនាញស្របច្បាប់បន្តបំរើប្រជាពលរដ្ឋបាន។ ចំណែករដ្ឋាភិបាលមិនស្របច្បាប់បច្ចុប្បន្នបានកំពុងខ្វះនិត្យានុកូលភាពក្នុងការប្រើប្រាស់ធនធាន ជាតិ ការសម្រេចចិត្តសំរាប់ជាតិនូវបញ្ហាធំៗ ទំនាក់ទំនងអន្តរជាតិដោយស្មើមុខស្មើមាត់ និងការ ខ្ចីបុលថវិកាពីបរទេស។ អ្វីដែលរដ្ឋាភិបាលបន្តធ្វើក្នុងពេលបច្ចុប្បន្នគឺគ្រាន់តែអាកប្បកិរិយារំលោភ អំណាចតែប៉ុណ្ណោះ។</strong></div>
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ធ្វើនៅកាណាដា ថ្ងៃទី២០ ខែធ្នូ ឆ្នាំ២០១៨</div>
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<strong>DATABASE RECORD</strong></div>
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<strong>Why have they called “illegitimate government”?</strong></div>
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Many people have wondered and inquired on the current government of Cambodia as “illegitimate” after the election on July <a data-mce-href="https://petition.khmeroversea.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/database-records.jpg" href="https://petition.khmeroversea.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/database-records.jpg"><img alt="database records" class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-1413" data-mce-src="https://petition.khmeroversea.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/database-records-300x145.jpg" height="145" src="https://petition.khmeroversea.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/database-records-300x145.jpg" style="float: left; height: auto; margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 0px; max-width: 100%;" width="300" /></a>29, 2018 which was full of controversy. Some perspectives stressed on the election conducted by the NEC, some stressed on the legal procedures of the court which are very “biased”, and some stressed on the behaviors of power used by the power-holders. But the most important and essential perspective is the violation over the Constitution of the Royal Kingdom of Cambodia which has clearly inscribed the different between Nation and Government.</div>
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Nation means the country that has existed population and sovereign independence. According to the Constitution, the people are the owner of the country, and the power to govern the country is the people exercising through their Representatives whom elected by the people to create, to monitor, to amend, and to enforce the laws.</div>
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Government means the team of officers whose winning political party has rights to select Prime Minister and members of the Cabinet in accordance to the Statute on the Cabinet of Minister. According to current law, the members of Cabinet comprises of ministers to prime ministers and they are the member of the Executive Branch which has been mandated by the Constitution. They could exercise their power independently without interfering the power of Judiciary and Parliament. Note that after the amended law allowing Prime Minister to having power to nominate Secretary of State and Under-secretary of State directly, these two posts are not belonging to the Cabinet as the quota from winning political party any more, according to the law.</div>
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In conclusion, the result of national election which is the election conducting by the single party, the election result is the single party result, which has led to the creation of an illegitimate Government of a single-party state government with composition members of Prime Minister, Senior Ministers, and Ministers.</div>
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<strong>So, the Cambodia nation as a State comprises of over 16 million population with nearly two millions public servants of both civil servants and arm-force, they could conduct their legitimate tasks as usual as they are the technical team to serve the people. For the current illegitimate government, they have lost their own legitimacy to utilize nation wealth, to undertake decision-making for major tasks of the nation, to mutually conduct diplomacy with foreign countries, and to approve loans lending from foreign partners. What the current government has been undertaking at the present are just the perpetual power-abused.</strong></div>
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Canada, December 20, 2018</div>
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<a data-mce-href="https://petition.khmeroversea.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Database-record-of-the-CEROC.pdf" href="https://petition.khmeroversea.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Database-record-of-the-CEROC.pdf">Read PDF of the database record of the CEROC Part I</a></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23131335.post-31388478212964657432016-03-27T12:20:00.002-06:002016-03-27T12:20:28.210-06:00Building political ownership and technical leadership Decision-making, political economy and knowledge use in the health sector in Cambodia<h2 style="background-color: #ecf6fd; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 23px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.25; margin: 0px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="http://www.sophanseng.info/2016/03/building-political-ownership-and-technical-leadership-decision-making-political-economy-and-knowledge-use-in-the-health-sector-in-cambodia/#more-3243" target="_blank">Building political ownership and technical leadership Decision-making, political economy and knowledge use in the health sector in Cambodia</a></h2>
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Op-Ed: <a href="http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/8432.pdf" style="border: 0px; color: #0bb1d5; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">odi.org</a></div>
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6 Recommendations</h3>
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<a href="http://i1.wp.com/www.sophanseng.info/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/IMG_20160318_135946.jpg" rel="attachment wp-att-3247" style="border: 0px; color: #0bb1d5; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="IMG_20160318_135946" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-3247 alignleft" height="300" sizes="(max-width: 194px) 100vw, 194px" src="http://i2.wp.com/www.sophanseng.info/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/IMG_20160318_135946-194x300.jpg?resize=194%2C300" srcset="http://i1.wp.com/www.sophanseng.info/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/IMG_20160318_135946.jpg?resize=194%2C300 194w, http://i2.wp.com/www.sophanseng.info/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/IMG_20160318_135946.jpg?resize=768%2C1188 768w, http://i1.wp.com/www.sophanseng.info/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/IMG_20160318_135946.jpg?resize=662%2C1024 662w, http://i2.wp.com/www.sophanseng.info/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/IMG_20160318_135946.jpg?w=1080 1080w" style="border: 0px; float: left; height: auto; margin: 5px 20px 20px 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" width="194" /></a>Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations can be made for AusAID Cambodia and other international development agencies engaging in the health sector in the country.</div>
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6.1 Recommendations for the next phase of programming</div>
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At the time of writing, it seems likely that HSSP II will be extended by one year, with the start of 2015 most likely to be the starting point of the next phase of AusAID support to the sector (Pearson, 2012). The following recommendations represent principles and ideas which could help guide the overall approach for this next phase of programming.</div>
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6.1.1 Politically savvy programming</div>
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1. Effective support for Cambodia’s health sector may involve designing elements of programmes to ‘go with the grain’ of political economy dynamics. This has the potential to have a high impact on health outcomes.</div>
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a. Attempting to work with the trend of mass patronage, by encouraging health to be seen as an appropriate ‘gift’ to constituents (e.g. disbursing vaccinations, dietary supplements, medicines), would be likely to garner the required behind-the-scenes approvals and ownership which could see broad, fast and effective roll-out with minimal leakage.</div>
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b. This could involve providing funding and/or in-kind resources for relatively top-down, one-off solutions to certain problems – for example, vaccinations, bed nets, or nutritional supplements. Key local government actors (and possibly CPP working groups) should be engaged, and it would be important that there were space for government and/or CPP to claim some credit for handouts. The issues of branding and publicity would need to be carefully considered.</div>
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c. Patronage-based distribution helps trickle down resources and allow for services to reach local people to some extent; yet it is far from being systematic and equitable. Complementary activities could be carried out to compensate for the downsides of mass patronage. One important priority would be public education and awareness to make the demand for health services better informed. Mitigation should be made for areas which are under-prioritised by the patronage system, for example through ensuring that NGOs focus service delivery on areas with low political priority.</div>
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d. Programmes could limit downsides through making gifts selectively available – for example, on issues where citizen demand is more likely to coincide with good medical advice, and by making the volume of gifts available proportional to the burden of disease or magnitude of the problem.</div>
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e. IDPs may want to limit their exposure to risk in such a programme through focusing on impact. Although it may often involve a ‘second best’ response to problems, the nature of handouts means they are suitable for conducting highly rigorous impact evaluations, which would establish improvement in health outcomes attributable to the programme, with a high level of certainty. Full randomised control trials are unlikely to be possible given the (required) lack of control over disbursement; however a variety of quasi-experimental methods should still be able to establish the value of the programme beyond reasonable doubt.</div>
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2. It should be recognised that medium- to long-term prospects for sustainability and effectiveness in the sector hinge on whether greater political ownership by the Cambodian government(15) can be built over health service delivery.</div>
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a. IDPs should formulate a basic theory of change and some principles and assumptions relevant to Cambodian context about how political ownership can be built in the sector. From that, they should identify strategic entry points or issues on which it is acceptable for them to work, or where their programmes can in some way contribute to health sector programming.</div>
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b. Some plausible elements of such a theory could be: increasing the extent to which the CPP sees health as a viable ‘gift’; raising awareness about health ‘gifts’ building expectations for the Government to deliver on the part of Cambodian citizens; increasing the perceived importance of health by key levels of government and the general public; supporting the ability of government to systematically manage and deliver services and health outcomes.</div>
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c. As well as potentially targeting programme support around a top-down ‘gift-giving’ dynamic, the other major entry point is the ongoing decentralisation reform, and the way the health system joins up with local government.</div>
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d. Goals around government ownership are as important, if not more so, as ‘good governance’ and fiduciary issues, which should be approached with pragmatism (‘good enough governance’ may be the most appropriate mantra). It is likely that successful, visible delivery of health services, combined with an increasingly healthy and able population (over a demographic timescale), are much more likely to lead to long-term transformation, not just in human development indicators, but in the ability and willingness for Cambodians to hold their government to account.</div>
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e. Support could work better and donors’ political risk could be more easily managed if programmes revolved around strong outcomes and impact goals, and were realistic and flexible about how these were achieved. The health sector is lucky to be suited to objective assessments of needs and of the impact of programming, and programme design efforts should draw on impact evaluation expertise from an early stage.</div>
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3. Efforts to tackle systemic issues of corruption and rent-seeking in the sector need to be informed by the findings of this study (and ideally, further and more focused work). The findings indicate that issues of corruption and rent-seeking are small in the health sector compared to other sectors. Possible implications include:</div>
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a. It is imperative that IDPs make clear and explicit decisions about the extent to which they are aiming to promote governance and institutional change, and the extent to which their focus is on promoting health outcomes for poor Cambodians.</div>
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b. In the authors’ opinion, a realistic approach would jettison any hopes of making inroads to broader systemic trends around rent-seeking or issues around politics and accountability, from what is a marginal sector. It should recognise the fact that these issues are comparatively small in health, compared to other sectors. It would also understand the limits of technocratic governance and accountability reforms pushed by external actors in the absence of any strong domestic demand for this in the near future, or stronger government ownership of effectiveness in health.</div>
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c. Rent-seeking and corruption can be tackled in the sector, but a flexible, opportunistic and responsive approach is needed. Rather than making a series of non-negotiable demands and conditions, IDPs could prepare to change focus if it appears that vested interests and behind-the-scenes deals block the way in one area. Achievable institutional and governance goals are incremental rather than idealistic, recognising the likelihood of policies which appear ‘perfect’ on paper but lack resonance in local context.</div>
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d. An ‘outcomes-based’ funding mechanism could put in place a beneficial incentive for reforms, given the importance of donor funding to the sector. A menu of desired changes could be laid out with associated budgetary tranches to be released in response to not only policy changes but actual indicators of outcomes and behaviour change. This could be used as one tool for donor coordination, with different partners assigning different levels of funding to different options, according to their own priorities and fiduciary risk tolerance.</div>
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6.1.2 Embedding knowledge-policy links</div>
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4. IDPs should improve financial support for building a sustainable model for evidence-informed policymaking in the sector. This could help deepen and embed the required capacities, practices and structures of professional sector management, to go along with (hoped for) increases in government ownership and funding. This could revolve around three main elements:</div>
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a. Supply:</div>
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Supporting existing Cambodian organisations to produce policy-relevant research and make links to policy b Intermediaries: Supporting intermediary organisations to help link knowledge and policy c Demand: Building the demand for and capacity to use research on the part of the Government.</div>
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5. To improve the supply of knowledge:</div>
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a. Funding should be provided for domestic research on health. Incentives could be provided to encourage researchers to communicate their work or otherwise engage with policy and practice. A small fund could be provided to support fast, reactive research to emerging government priorities in the sector.</div>
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b. As much as possible, research commissioned by IDPs and others may benefit from fitting within existing policy and implementation frameworks. Stocktaking studies could be commissioned by IDPs to ascertain the knowledge base on certain issues.</div>
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c. It is important to recognise the role IDPs have in potentially fragmenting domestic research capacity through too much work being carried out in ‘consultancy mode’. This would mean being prepared to provide some level of core support to policy research organisations, and potentially setting aside a fixed proportion of the money spent on international consultants to go towards strengthening national capacity in this area.</div>
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6. On intermediary functions, a major effort needs to be made to consolidate knowledge and lessons learned across project implementation. It would seem that the ideal home for such a facility might be MEDiCAM, which is already established as the umbrella organisation for health NGOs.</div>
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a. A facility should be set up to make comparisons across pilots and NGO projects in similar or related areas. It should synthesise lessons learned, and provide a neutral, independent review. Its function could be strengthened to make comparisons across pilots and NGO projects in similar or related areas.</div>
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b. It should create incentives for adaptation and learning. This could be done by focusing both on rewarding success (e.g. prizes for innovative practice or independent scores for projects) and providing support for lagging initiatives (e.g. having flexible technical capacity to deploy where needed).</div>
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c. Facilitating networking and peer-to-peer learning would be crucial as well, using study tours to successful projects and borrowing staff from successful projects as ‘consultants’ to new ones. Interaction and discussion could be facilitated through online discussion platforms and workshops or conferences. d IDPs could provide specific financial support for establishing a depository centre for documents, reports and policies in the form of a physical library and/or a web-based library.</div>
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7. The demand for and use of knowledge could be enhanced.</div>
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a. One approach to this could look to build government engagement with and coordination of research in the sector by setting up a ‘contact group’ in the MoH who would be informed from the design stage of donor commissioned studies and, given space, input into research questions and management of the work, and provide feedback into reports.</div>
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b. More ambitious, such a group (with the involvement of key decision-makers) or another unit in the MoH could be supported to define the ‘knowledge agenda’ for the Ministry. This would look at recent trends and upcoming challenges, potential policies and programmes, and identify key areas where more knowledge is needed over the next five years; it would involve a series of consultations as well as scoping studies and horizon-scanning.</div>
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c. Another approach could be to support an exchange scheme for key managerial and technical staff. Sending key Ministry or provincial staff to secondments in similar positions in other ASEAN countries or other developing countries would not only provide a welcome incentive for such staff to hold the post, but would likely greatly improve their capacity, and in the long term, broaden the technical capacity within the sector and widen the pool of potential decision-makers. The success of the Phnom Penh Water Supply Authority is partly attributed to such secondments.</div>
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8. Possibly the most important priority for linking knowledge and policy is at the decentralised level; this also represents a promising entry point for improving health outcomes. Given the positive trend of decentralisation and the likely window of opportunity to set new relationships, this is an urgent priority for action (and assessment – a more focused study is needed to assess the best level of engagement).</div>
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a. Efforts should be made to make the annual operational planning process more suitable for facilitating decentralised decision-making. From our interviews, there seemed to be some demand for cutting back on the largely paper exercise, to reduce bureaucracy. Reforms to the system should focus on building devolved responsibility for planning, assessment and reporting, allowing provinces to set their own goals, and report on their own terms by their own methods.</div>
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b. It is important for IDPs to provide on-demand and flexible technical assistance for provincial level management of health.</div>
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c. Efforts should be made to facilitate links between directors of health and provincial governors. Spaces for deliberation, decision-making and management could be set up to convene key actors from the health system and local government structures. Provincial health directors could be given leadership training. A nominal figure should be selected – it will necessarily be arbitrary, but experience elsewhere has shown that putting a number on research communication helps enormously regardless of the true value – and then a small campaign led within the donor community could contribute to the pot. Schon (1973) has shown how this system in some contexts has helped generate a great deal more enthusiasm and commitment to change, and ultimately was a key factor in the success of the programmes.</div>
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d. Some of these activities need to begin as soon as possible; for example, technical assistance and brokering links between the health system and local government. Others need to be flexible and respond to the emerging process of design and development.</div>
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e. To complement this, IDPs could work with central organisations to develop and clarify the roles of the MoH and MEF in health delivery. Functions such as overseeing needs-based distribution of finances, and supporting and rewarding performance could be envisaged for the MoH.</div>
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6.2 Suggestions which could be implemented immediately</div>
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As well as using the above for guidance in formulating the next phase of support, there are a number of things which can be done before 2015.</div>
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6.2.1 Pressing issues and trends</div>
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9. Given that the process of deconcentration and decentralisation is ongoing, it is possible that major opportunities to achieve changes at lower levels will be lost in a few years’ time, once new arrangements have settled into established institutional grooves. The following would seem sensible:</div>
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a. It is quite urgent to conduct a study of decision-making and political economy at decentralised levels – to review experiences to date and suggest the most appropriate levels and modalities for linking health and design and development. This should assess not just issues around functional assignment, but around engagement and relationships between key actors at these levels (e.g. between district governors and health officials).</div>
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b. Depending on the findings of the study, it could be opportune to put in place some support for health at the decentralised level before the full successor to HSSP II is in place. Areas might be support for leadership and capacity building, institutional strengthening and innovation, and improving evidence-informed management at this level. Support would need to be flexible enough to react to demand and leadership where it emerges.</div>
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10. There are a number of other gaps in knowledge which will be important to fill before it is time to design the next phase of support, in particular:</div>
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a. There is an urgent need for a detailed political economy analysis of staff incentives and salary supplements in the health sector, especially in service delivery, to inform IDP support.</div>
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b. An issues-focused political economy study could be carried out on nutrition to identify the most realistic and appropriate entry points and measures.</div>
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c. CPP or ex-CPP members, or researchers who are knowledgeable and well connected to the CPP, could be employed to write a think-piece on how to improve political ownership over health services.</div>
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6.2.2 Ongoing priorities 11. Support and programming in the health sector needs to be informed by political economy analysis. This would enable donors to, at a minimum, approach various institutional issues, questions of incentives, ownership and leadership with due diligence and precaution – and if done well, could highlight opportunities as well as risks. Failure to achieve reform objectives is related in part to the lack of differentiation of interests in the reform, and the ability to use such distinction to inform intervention decisions (Hughes and Hutchison, 2012). In light of this, appropriate options may include:</div>
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a. Commissioning studies on issues of specific interest and importance (suggestions for these above).</div>
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b. The design of key programmes and instruments should incorporate review and inputs by a political economy expert. The ‘theory of change’ and intervention logic must be based on a sound and realistic understanding of political economy issues.</div>
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c. The identification of project partners and potential ‘champions’ in government also needs to be informed by a political economy analysis, to ground engagement in a realistic understanding of the modus operandi of different actors (Hughes and Hutchison 2012).</div>
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d. Establish a small ‘reference group’ of experts (international and domestic) on political economy in Cambodia, perhaps on a draw-down contract, to use as a resource for key issues and decisions, at important junctures and crises, for ongoing advice and inputs to programming.</div>
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12. Effective programming intervention may require better understanding and/or engagement with the CPP, which is in aggregate terms, the sole key actor in Cambodia’s development:</div>
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a. At a minimum, this should involve looking to understand the CPP perspective, and plans and interests on the sector. This could be done through the suggestions for improved political economy analysis mentioned above.</div>
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b. A more involved step would be finding individuals. Engagement with the CPP might involve strategic partnership with key CPP members, or people who have connections within the CPP who are prepared to discuss such matters with IDPs. They could be used to provide informal channels to test specific development ideas with CPP members, or to suggest actions on one side or the other.</div>
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c. A more involved approach could be active dialogue between IDP programme staff and key parts of the CPP hierarchy, if this were politically acceptable. Relevant CPP members could be invited to workshops to provide input to programming, or to explain requirements and programme needs. Exactly how to do this would need to be discussed on a case-by-case basis, with support possibly from the reference group.</div>
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d. Particular attention should be paid to how IDPs can work to influence budgetary commitments for the sector at various levels, and early engagement should be made with the key individuals and committees prior to key moments in programming cycles.</div>
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e. There should also be very careful attention paid to issues of publicity and branding of IDP efforts, and the framing of sector assistance.</div>
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13. A targeted, systematic approach should be taken across IDPs to engage key individuals in the sector:</div>
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a. One measure could be more careful planning and monitoring of interactions with key sector individuals, coordinated (if possible) across IDPs operating in the sector. Drawing on good practice from fields such as lobbying and negotiation, simple tools could be used to track meetings and engagement with individuals.</div>
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b. Partnership and influencing approaches should be differentiated between technical staff and more political appointments (with the proviso that this categorisation represents two ends of a spectrum, rather than two unique ‘types’), recognising the strengths and limitations of each.</div>
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c. Technical staff are more likely to take on board messages from research and analysis, but may have limited ability to undertake more political tasks such as dividing budgets. This could mean IDPs would be prepared to offer them ‘cover’ for such tasks, and allow any ‘blame’ to be commonly attributed to them, where it might strengthen the hand of key allies.</div>
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d. Political appointments should be approached differently. Successful programme intervention requires the attention of high profile political individuals within the power hierarchy. Lessons from the experiences of changing maternal mortality policies suggest that a strategy of ‘stepping up hierarchies’ can be effective: inviting staff in influential positions to attend an event, in the hope that they will bring a superior to the next event, who may then, in turn, bring their superior. Influencing these kinds of individuals is likely to require IDPs taking a back seat, giving prominence to Cambodian ‘champions’, and brokering practical knowledge and voices of experience.</div>
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14. Much greater efforts could be made to communicate the findings and recommendations of research or synthesis of existing works in an accessible way. This may include:</div>
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a. Finding ways to ensure that key studies are published is a priority. This issue should be discussed from the outset of a research project and actively followed-up on completion of the work.</div>
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b. Ensuring all major studies and consultancies produce short policy briefs or ‘good practice’ notes is essential. These should be published in both Khmer and English, and disseminated in a targeted manner according to a simple but strategic communications plan.</div>
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c. To get government attention and cooperation in any research, IDPs should demonstrate their plans/commitments to provide resources to address the issue under the planned study.</div>
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<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(15) Specifically, for the health sector to be seen as a key policy area for building legitimacy and popularity of the Government, and one which should be actively managed by high level decision-makers in the CPP as well as the Government in order to produce the desired results </em></div>
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<a href="http://www.sophanseng.info/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Building-political.pdf" rel="" style="border: 0px; color: #0bb1d5; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Read whole article in pdf file</a></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23131335.post-63954435022769207522015-10-16T14:19:00.002-06:002015-10-16T14:19:12.481-06:00Political Paradigm of Pragmatism from the Khmer Youth part 39<a href="http://www.sophanseng.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Cambodia-High-school-exam-2015-1.jpg"><img alt="Scene view of Cambodia Students during Exam 2015 - photo courtesy of MoEYs facebooke page." class="size-medium wp-image-3097" src="http://www.sophanseng.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Cambodia-High-school-exam-2015-1-300x168.jpg" height="168" width="300" /></a><br />
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Op-Ed: <a href="http://www.sophanseng.info/2015/10/political-paradigm-of-pragmatism-from-the-khmer-youth-part-39/">Leadership Skills</a><br />
<br />
This <a href="https://youtu.be/6zFWJT5qi38" target="_blank">part (39)</a>, the author Mr. Sophan Seng analysed the Education Reform of Cambodia. Beside of his summary of education history of Cambodia, two points are keyly elaborated:
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<ol>
<li>The displacement of Cambodian workers majorly young people to work in South Korea, Thailand, Malaysia or other countries, have evidently brought with them the two hands and two legs to scavenge soil and dirt in those countries in expected returns of higher compensation than working inside Cambodia. They didn't bring with them skills or expertise they have accumulated or learnt in Cambodia at all. Or if they have some levels of education, or skills, those host countries didn't value or accept such credential at all. So we could conclude that Cambodian youths have used only heritage from their parents (body and mind) to earn a living in those countries. Those youths have not been able to use their skills or knowledge from Cambodia schools at all.</li>
<li>Second point is the foreign direct investment (FDI) in Cambodia. Until today, we see only garment factories being planted and mushroomed in Cambodia. The requirement of education credential or experiences for those garment labors (although completion of diploma or 12 years compulsory education) are not needed. Whenever, those young men and women can use their both hands, they are accepted to work. Their work environment is basic laboring, not skilling or technical utilization. Once, the factories are closed, those workers could not transfer their skills or inscript it into CV for higher position with expected higher wages beside of garment factory at all.</li>
</ol>
So education system in Cambodia has remained in limbo in producing higher skills and workable human resource in real working environment. But the recent strictness in high school examination is in question that: those passed and failed candidates are retained good quality of education or not?
<iframe allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" frameborder="0" height="415" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/6zFWJT5qi38" width="560"></iframe>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23131335.post-10676711998616330612015-10-16T14:15:00.001-06:002015-10-16T14:15:56.328-06:00Hun Manet speaks to Beverley O'Connor of ABC News<div style="text-align: left;">
Op-Ed: <a href="http://www.sophanseng.info/2015/10/hun-manet-speaks-to-beverley-oconnor-of-abc-news/">Leadership Skills</a></div>
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Pragmatically speaking, there are many things to be considered from his speech, but I have not been confident and it shall not buy out on his two points argument: peace and stability, and corruption is a universal human failure.
In front of the 70% Cambodian young voters, Hun Sen has failed terribly on his boast of stability, peace and incremental progress during this 30 years under his power grip. Now his son has inherited such failure argument to aim on what?
<a href="http://www.sophanseng.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Screenshot_2015-10-16-13-37-02.png"><img alt="Screenshot_2015-10-16-13-37-02" class="size-medium wp-image-3121 alignleft" src="http://www.sophanseng.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Screenshot_2015-10-16-13-37-02-300x169.png" height="169" width="300" /></a>Corruption is <span class="text_exposed_show">not a universal practice and it is not a universal value at all. He might not be able to distinguish the difference between institutional corruption and individual corruption (which lean into nature of human greed)? More than this whenever he has never spoken up against corruption, it means he has conspirated it or involved in corruption. This last resort is very unfortunate for Cambodia to be survived on this planet.</span>
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At the end, observing from his stance, it is not wrong to attest the public saying: "like father like son" within a general perception. One of the likeness illustrated is the "self-defense" politics... I could assure you all that this self-defense approach has been very outdated. Whenever the incumbent clan of Cambodia politics has never learnt to accept mistakes, failure, reality, and Pragmatism, the navy of Cambodia is remained in the brink of danger.
(Courtesy: Sophoan Seng facebook)
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<a href="https://www.facebook.com/RadioAustralia/videos/1200981229918821/">Hun Manet speaks to Beverley O'Connor</a>'Not no, not yes' Hun Manet, the son of Cambodia's prime minister Hun Sen, has declined to say if he wants the top job one day in a rare interview.
Posted by <a href="https://www.facebook.com/RadioAustralia">Radio Australia</a> on Friday, October 16, 2015</blockquote>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23131335.post-74037705323967210902014-10-05T22:24:00.002-06:002014-10-05T22:24:39.825-06:00Siem Reap Ranked World’s Fourth Best City for Tourists<div id="titlenotes" style="font-family: Lora, georgia, 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 28px; line-height: 35px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.25em 0px 0px;">
Siem Reap Ranked World’s Fourth Best City for Tourists</div>
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JULY 4, 2014</div>
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Siem Reap is the the fourth best city in the world for travelers, according to readers of Travel + Leisure magazine.</div>
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The city received a score of 89.82 out of 100 in the magazine’s 2014 <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://www.travelandleisure.com/worlds-best-cities-2014-winners-list" style="-webkit-transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #cd1713; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;">World’s Best awards</a></span>. Among the categories readers were asked to rate were hotels, airlines, spas and city attractions.<span id="more-63252"></span></div>
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Siem Reap’s best-ever showing on Travel + Leisure’s list comes about two weeks after Siem Reap’s Angkor Wat and Bayon temples placed 6th and 7th, respectively, among the world’s top 10 tourist attractions, according to TripAdvisor’s Travelers’ Choice awards.</div>
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<a href="mailto:wilwohl@cambodiadaily.com" style="-webkit-transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #cd1713; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s linear, background-color 0.1s linear;"><em>wilwohl@cambodiadaily.com</em></a></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23131335.post-43568013759267463572014-09-24T19:37:00.000-06:002014-09-24T19:37:16.060-06:00In Cambodia, A Lost City Is Found<h1 style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Helvetica, 'Helvetica Neue', san-serif; font-size: 34px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 38px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
In Cambodia, A Lost City Is Found</h1>
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<tr><td style="padding-right: 10px;"><a href="http://www.chinatopix.com/reporters/david-perry" style="color: #2b2b2b; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">David Perry</a> |</td><td style="padding-right: 10px;">Sep 23, 2014 01:51 AM EDT</td></tr>
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(<span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD1" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 12px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">Photo</span> : Phnom Kulen Program) The ancient royal city of Mahendraparvata was little more than a legend until modern technology spotted it.</div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Archeologists working in the Southeast Asian nation of Cambodia announced the discovery of a city once thought to be legend.</span></div>
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The nation is most famous for Angkor, the illustrious capital of Khmer Empire, that rose near the Tonle Sap Lake around 1150 AD. But a rare few inscriptions tell of another, older city called Mahendraparvata that may be the true birthplace of Khmer culture. But nobody knew where it was.<iframe allowtransparency="true" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" src="http://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FChinatopix&send=&layout=button_count&width=87&show_faces=&share=&action=like&locale=en_US&colorscheme=light&font&height=20" style="border-style: none; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; height: 20px; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: middle; width: 87px;"></iframe></div>
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Until now <span style="font-size: 16px;">Archeologists flew over a plateau northeast of Angkor called the Kulen Hills using lidar, a technology that strips away otherwise impenetrable vegetation. The region is mentioned as the site of Mahendraparvata, but is so vast and so over grown by near-impenetrable rain forests that work on the ground would have taken years.</span></div>
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Before the <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD3" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 16px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">survey</span> team's eyes, a neat grid of streets and boulevards appeared out of the jungle, dotted with temples, man-made ponds, and evidence of hydraulic <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD10" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 16px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">architecture</span> that is the hallmark of Angkor's dazzling water-controlling civilization.</div>
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Even more impressive, the street grid defied geography; roads and ceremonial pathways cut straight through hills and dales across the plateau.</div>
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"You have this kind of sudden eureka moment where you bring the data up on screen <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD6" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 16px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">the first time</span> and there it is - this ancient city very clearly in front of you," said Dr. Damian Evans of the University of <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD12" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 16px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">Sydney</span> in Australia, who led the lidar survey.</div>
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Mahendraparvata is thought to have been founded in the 9th Century by King Jayavarman II, 300 years before Angkor is estimated to have risen.</div>
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At its height in the late 1100s, Angkor, whose temples of Angkor Wat and Angkor Thom are among the planet's most iconic of <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD11" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 16px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">antiquities</span>, stretched over 1,000 square miles. Angkor controlled an empire spanning all of modern Cambodia, as well as parts of Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Myanmar.</div>
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Since its invention, lidar went from a scoffed-at technology to one of the most sought-after<span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD5" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 16px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">tools</span> in modern archeology. Shooting a series of lasers bursts every four seconds, lidar "sees" through vegetation to detect minute changes on the forest floor, making it invaluable for contour maps as much as archaeology.</div>
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In addition to re-discovering Mahendraparvata, lidar proved instrumental in pinpointing lost Mayan cities in Central America and colonial sites <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD2" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 16px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">in Canada</span>.</div>
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Dr. Evans and his team also scanned the regions immediately around Angkor itself, discovering a spectacularly intricate man-made <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD7" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: transparent !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; color: rgb(27, 142, 222) !important; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-size: 16px !important; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;">landscape</span> of canals and holding ponds that to the naked eye today appears as empty fields.</div>
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By harnessing the water provided by the monsoon, the Khmer were able to feed a huge population that turned Angkor into the largest city in the medieval world.</div>
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It is thought that Mahendraparvata and Angkor fell and faded away from history at the same time, in the 15 Century, when a global cooling period called the Little Ice Age triggered catastrophic droughts across the Southeast Asia.</div>
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The Little Ice Age collapsed the cities' waterworks and triggered famine. Khmer kings then moved their seat to the present Cambodian capital of Phnom Phenh.</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23131335.post-32395830639403081102013-12-15T23:04:00.001-07:002013-12-15T23:04:25.525-07:00The lost Buddha relic impacts on the treasure of Cambodia nation<br />
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The lost Buddha relic impacts on the treasure of Cambodia nation</h1>
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<span class="sep" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Posted on </span><a href="http://www.sophanseng.info/2013/12/the-lost-buddha-relic-impacts-on-the-treasure-of-cambodia-nation/" rel="bookmark" style="border: 0px; color: #1982d1; font-family: inherit; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="5:35 pm"><time class="entry-date" datetime="2013-12-15T17:35:40+00:00" pubdate="">December 15, 2013</time></a><span class="by-author" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 11px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span class="sep" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">by </span><span class="author vcard" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="url fn n" href="http://www.sophanseng.info/author/sophoan/" rel="author" style="border: 0px; color: #1982d1; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="View all posts by Sophoan">Sophoan</a></span></span></div>
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Buddha’s relic is very important and sacred treasure for Cambodian Buddhists while it was stolen on December 10, 2013 at the Udong Sakyamuni Buddha stupa in Kandal province about 20 km. from Phnom Penh. The loss of this <a href="http://cambodiabuddhism.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/1506866_511098022321784_141662894_n.jpg" style="border: 0px; color: #1982d1; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="1506866_511098022321784_141662894_n" class="size-medium wp-image-501 alignright" height="300" src="http://cambodiabuddhism.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/1506866_511098022321784_141662894_n-246x300.jpg" style="border: 0px; display: inline; float: right; height: auto; margin-left: 1.625em; margin-top: 0.4em; max-width: 100%;" width="246" /></a>treasure has triggered sadness for all Cambodians. The relic has symbolized the national holiness, the faith, the pride and the soul of this nation. To be known as Buddhism institution in this nation, the strong pillars comprise of:</div>
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<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Buddha or the Founder refers to Buddha statue (imitating the actual Buddha image in shape of iconic statue or painting. Buddha said Yo Mam Passati So Dhammam Passati means one who see him see his teaching) and the actual relic of the Buddha. Relic was spared to different locations by the Tona Brahma after the cremation of the Lord Buddha and Cambodia is believed to receive on piece of hair offered by Sri Lanka government during the reign of King Norodom Sihanouk and Supreme Patriarch Chuon Nath.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Dhamma or the Teaching refers to the Tipitaka, Pariyati and Pali language school, Samadhi practice and Buddhist learning.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Sangha or the Community refers to four disciples such as Bhikkhu, Bhikkhuni, Upasaka and Upaseka</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Rituals or Sasanapithi refers to both disciplinary rituals such as ordination, pavarana-kamma and Kathina etc.; and ordinary rituals such as Visakha Bochea, Pchum Ben etc.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">Sacred Place/Worshiping Place or Sasanasthan refers to Bodhi tree, Temple, Buddha Statue and Relic</li>
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Observing from these five pillars, the loss of relic is comparing like losing one of the key pillars. Note that, in Cambodia, the stolen relic is the most important one in this nation.</div>
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If the authority can not return back the relic from thieving this time, there will be disastrous consequences in the future.<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23131335.post-68169094178817088082013-12-11T10:46:00.000-07:002013-12-11T10:46:39.606-07:00Buddhism and the ritualsAn email of CAN and Campro member questioning on the daily Dana or charity in Cambodia has drawn attention members a lot to further explore this social recurring puzzling question. Sophal Chan who initiated this question upon his field research and observation over Tver Bon or Making Merit by Cambodian people. It has not been consistent with the well-being and living standard of those religious people at all while those poor donors have will to donate huge amount of materials rather than use those material for the demand of their daily living. The question possibly falls upon what term Tver Bon's equivalency to the English one ie ceremony, making merit or ritual etc? Why many Cambodian people can afford to donate and prepare luxurious rituals to dedicate to their dead relatives or parents more than plan to inject those money to the present daily living or make their living standard well off? Does the belief in next life overturn this life in term of making merit? <br />
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As a member of both CAN and Campro, and as my keen research interest has tremendously fallen up Cambodian Buddhism, Cambodian leadership and culture; I wish to take this opportunity to elaborate to the best of my ability.<br />
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I will not try to answer those questions substantially but I will pick up some important agenda on the core value of Buddhism and the way of practices that Cambodian Buddhists should do.<br />
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<b>Is ritual important in Buddhism?</b><br />
In general, Buddhism is composed of five fundamental pillars:<br />
1. Founder or Saasadaa which refers to Lord Buddha or the term means Enlightened One or Awaken One<br />
2. The teaching or Dhamma or Saasanathir which refers to His teaching totaling of 840,000 chapters comprising of 110 books within Cambodian Tripitaka version.<br />
3. The monk community or Sangha or Saasana Saavaka which refers to four different types of followers such as Bhikkhu monk, Bhikkunii monk, lay man or Upaasaka, and lay woman or Upaasikaa<br />
4. The rituals or Saasana Pithii which refers to rites, ceremonies, function, celebration, commemoration, charity, volunteering, worshiping and other activities to accumulate merits<br />
5. The sacred places or pilgrimages or Saasanasathaan which refers to holy places of Buddhism such as Birthplace, Stupa for Relics, Bodhi tree, temples and other sanctuaries.<br />
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By mentioning above five fundamental pillars, ritual is important in Buddhism.<br />
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<b>What are those rituals?</b><br />
In general, we can distinguish rituals into two types:<br />
1. Pure Buddhist rituals which refer to any ceremonies are conducted to honor Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha. Those activities are including daily worshiping or chanting, Vishaka Bochea day, Magha Bochea day, Asalaha Bochea day, Buddhist Lent, Buddhist out of Lent, Kathina, ordination etc.<br />
2. Traditional Buddhist rituals which refer to any ceremonies are conducted to get along with tradition, culture and local belief. Those activities are including Khmer New Year, Bon Pchum Ben or Ancestor Festival, Bon Pachai Boun or four necessities offering, Bon Teakenaanupatean or Offering for the Death, wedding, funeral, gratefulness or longevity parita chanting etc.<br />
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Beside these, there are many merit making or social activities such as volunteering, charity to the poor and destitutes, the engaging in protecting environment, the engaging in treatment of the HIV/AIDS population, or the engagement in the guarding on those peaceful rallies etc.<br />
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<b>Pressing Issues</b><br />
Political Scientist Jean-Jacques Rousseau said in his book on "Social Contract" that political leadership is the distribution between "leaders" and "followers". Leaders can shape and change attitude of followers; and followers can shape and change capacity building of the leaders. The interaction of these two contracts has evolved in accordance to culture, geography, political climate and norms etc.<br />
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Cambodia has been known for her history of great Angkor civilization and the renewal of this pride has been strongly embedded within Cambodian mindset. Among other means to legitimate power and the effective communication of the political contract is the charity activities.<br />
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Rousseau pointed that the leaders can apply all his capacity to utilize the existing pattern of culture and belief to infuse their power. It is the comprehension of the leaders to know their followers very well in order to lead them. If leaders don't know the mindset of their followers, the interaction and power communication will vanish spontaneously. Thus, Rousseau encouraged legislators to draft and amend the neutral laws to mediate and neutralize any types of power abusing by the leaders.<br />
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Buddha's principle teaching is not different from Rousseau's. All rituals are encouraged to cultivate all good, to give up all evils and to cleanse one own's mind. Any rituals which are not supportive to the practice of the Dhamma were dismissed by the Buddha. Buddha dismissed Bhikkhu monks who have conducted rituals such as charming spell, good luck writing, palm reading, tattooing, fortune telling, water sprinkling and others in which He addressed that Bhikkhu monks are highly revered and if any Bhikkhu monks conducted such rituals, it is comparing like lowering themselves down to the lowest level and they are running a business which is not the duty of the Sangha.<br />
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In my book "Political Leadership: Which Way Cambodian Leaders Should Choose to Pursue?" (it will be for the public soon) has thoroughly elaborated on the way Charity in Buddhism for Cambodian people should be undertaken. The premises that all leaders and followers must be mindful to practice in accordance to the Buddha's teaching are:<br />
1. Giver (Daayaka/Daayikaa) must be in good stand of morals, pure mind and courteous.<br />
2. Receiver (Padikhaahaka) must be in good stand of discipline (Vinaya), pure mind and behaviour.<br />
3. Material (Teyavattu) must be in good stand of right livelihood, pure and unconditional.<br />
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Merit and sin in Buddhism cannot be traded off or interchangeable. If one stole and killed, one cannot expect to make merits in order to redeem sins at all. Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23131335.post-87881964437405283352013-12-11T10:44:00.000-07:002013-12-11T10:44:08.647-07:00Boy or girl? It’s in the father's genes<br /><span class="at_a11y" style="height: 1px !important; overflow: hidden !important; position: absolute !important; top: auto !important; width: 1px !important;">Share on reddit</span>
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The research, published online today by the journal Evolutionary Biology, involved a study of 927 family trees containing information on 556,387 people from North America and Europe going back to 1600.<br />
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"The family tree study showed that whether you’re likely to have a boy or a girl is inherited. We now know that men are more likely to have sons if they have more brothers but are more likely to have daughters if they have more sisters. However, in women, you just can’t predict it," Mr Gellatly explains.<br />
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Men determine the sex of a baby depending on whether their sperm is carrying an X or Y chromosome. An X chromosome combines with the mother’s X chromosome to make a baby girl (XX) and a Y chromosome will combine with the mother’s to make a boy (XY).<br />
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The study suggests that an as-yet undiscovered gene controls whether a man’s sperm contains more X or more Y chromosomes, which affects the sex of his children. On a larger scale, the number of men with more X sperm compared to the number of men with more Y sperm affects the sex ratio of children born each year.<br />
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<strong>Sons or daughters?</strong><br />
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A gene consists of two parts, known as alleles, one inherited from each parent. In his paper, Mr Gellatly demonstrates that it is likely men carry two different types of allele, which results in three possible combinations in a gene that controls the ratio of X and Y sperm;<br />
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• Men with the first combination, known as <em>mm</em>, produce more Y sperm and have more sons.<br />
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• The second, known as <em>mf</em>, produce a roughly equal number of X and Y sperm and have an approximately equal number of sons and daughters.<br />
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• The third, known as <em>ff</em> produce more X sperm and have more daughters.<br />
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“The gene that is passed on from both parents, which causes some men to have more sons and some to have more daughters, may explain why we see the number of men and women roughly balanced in a population. If there are too many males in the population, for example, females will more easily find a mate, so men who have more daughters will pass on more of their genes, causing more females to be born in later generations,” says Mr Gellatly.<br />
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<strong>More boys born after the wars</strong><br />
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In many of the countries that fought in the World Wars, there was a sudden increase in the number of boys born afterwards. The year after World War I ended, an extra two boys were born for every 100 girls in the UK, compared to the year before the war started. The gene, which Mr Gellatly has described in his research, could explain why this happened.<br />
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As the odds were in favour of men with more sons seeing a son return from the war, those sons were more likely to father boys themselves because they inherited that tendency from their fathers. In contrast, men with more daughters may have lost their only sons in the war and those sons would have been more likely to father girls. This would explain why the men that survived the war were more likely to have male children, which resulted in the boy-baby boom.<br />
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In most countries, for as long as records have been kept, more boys than girls have been born. In the UK and US, for example, there are currently about 105 males born for every 100 females.<br />
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It is well-documented that more males die in childhood and before they are old enough to have children. So in the same way that the gene may cause more boys to be born after wars, it may also cause more boys to be born each year.<br />
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<strong>How does the gene work?</strong><br />
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The trees, below, illustrate how the gene works. It is a simplified example, in which men either have only sons, only daughters, or equal numbers of each, though in reality it is less clear cut. It shows that although the gene has no effect in females, they also carry the gene and pass it to their children.<br />
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In the first family tree (A) the grandfather is <em>mm</em>, so all his children are male. He only passes on the<em>m</em> allele, so his children are more likely to have the <em>mm</em> combination of alleles themselves. As a result, those sons may also have only sons (as shown). The grandsons have the <em>mf</em> combination of alleles, because they inherited an <em>m</em> from their father and an <em>f</em> from their mother. As a result, they have an equal number of sons and daughters (the great grandchildren).<br />
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In the second tree (B) the grandfather is <em>ff</em>, so all his children are female, they have the <em>ff</em>combination of alleles because their father and mother were both <em>ff</em>. One of the female children has her own children with a male who has the <em>mm</em> combination of alleles. That male determines the sex of the children, so the grandchildren are all male. The grandsons have the <em>mf</em> combination of alleles, because they inherited an <em>m</em> from their father and <em>f</em> from their mother. As a result, they have an equal number of sons and daughters (the great-grandchildren).</div>
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Academic paper: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11692-008-9046-3" style="color: #015a9e;" title="Trends in Population Sex Ratios May be Explained by Changes in the Frequencies of Polymorphic Alleles of a Sex Ration Gene">Trends in Population Sex Ratios May be Explained by Changes in the Frequencies of Polymorphic Alleles of a Sex Ratio Gene</a>. Corry Gellatly.<br />
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Published in: Evolutionary Biology, DOI 10.1007/s11692-008-9046-3</div>
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published on: 11th December 2008</div>
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Original Source: <a href="http://www.ncl.ac.uk/press.office/press.release/item/boy-or-girl-it-s-in-the-father-s-genes" style="background-color: transparent;">http://www.ncl.ac.uk/press.office/press.release/item/boy-or-girl-it-s-in-the-father-s-genes</a></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23131335.post-84547486265570399062013-10-28T01:51:00.001-06:002013-10-28T01:51:26.403-06:00Khmer Traditional Clothes<h3 class="post-title entry-title" style="background-color: #f2f0e4; color: #797979; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; position: relative;">
Traditional Clothes</h3>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: orange;">National Dress</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 18pt;"></span></b><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: magenta;">Sampot</span></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampot" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sampot">sampot</a> is the national garment of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>. The traditional dress is similar to those worn in the neighboring countries of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Laos">Laos</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, but variations do exist between the countries. The sampot dates back to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Funan" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Kingdom of Funan">Funan</a> era when a Cambodian king allegedly ordered the people of his kingdom to wear the sampot at the request of Chinese envoys.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">There are many variations for the sampot, each is washed according to social class. The typical sampot, known also as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarong" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sarong">sarong</a> is typically worn by men and women of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_class" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Lower class">lower class</a>. It measures approximately one and a half meters and both ends are sewn together. It is tied to safely secure it on the waist.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: magenta;">Sampot Chang Kben</span></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCJ7vhLWt_a9JJFhXvwbYEzNovfyLp8r20gE4S9_PesqYuZBZAQTzUpn35kcXUCiU3wnjvSJU_tTSqDVgjAEb5NDKJMmWmN7XV2Opnrh2oG66B3vOk9hEqa62xrPqand12mzqd/s1600/5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; color: #d6ca84; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="146" n4="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCJ7vhLWt_a9JJFhXvwbYEzNovfyLp8r20gE4S9_PesqYuZBZAQTzUpn35kcXUCiU3wnjvSJU_tTSqDVgjAEb5NDKJMmWmN7XV2Opnrh2oG66B3vOk9hEqa62xrPqand12mzqd/s200/5.jpg" style="border: none; position: relative;" width="200" /></a><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Sampot Chang Kben</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"> (</span><span lang="KHM" style="font-size: 12pt;">សំពត់ចងក្បិន</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALA-LC_Romanization" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="ALA-LC Romanization">ALA-LC</a>: saṃbát caṅ kpin) is the preferred choice of clothing for women of upper and middle classes for daily wear. This practice of daily wear died out in the beginning of the twentieth century. Unlike the typical Sampot, it is more of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pants" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Pants">pant</a> than a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skirt" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Skirt">skirt</a>. It is a rectangular piece of cloth measuring 3 metres long and one metres wide. It is worn by wrapping it around the waist, stretching it away from the body and twisting the knot. The knot is then pulled between the legs and held by a metal belt. Regardless of class, all Cambodian women wear the Sampot Chang Kben on special events. Men may also wear it, but the traditional patterns depend on gender. The Sampot Chang Kben is adopted in<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Laos">Laos</a>, where it is known as <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chong_Kraben&action=edit&redlink=1" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Chong Kraben (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #cc2200;">Chong Kraben</span></a></i>. It dates to the to ancient Cambodia where deities often wore such styles.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: magenta;">Sampot Phamuong</span></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzDcLVbCQpnERLcDjQ7aFHGnGRZUHeZnmw8ZW4VfpcKcc27Om3Xyif5Wx2N5ozH5DITrTlJXroLz9cMk4dVFuY08d06gseCBnzw1P0o7w3pV7j4tuzTin4W41hWSi9ovUZUGUR/s1600/7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; color: #d6ca84; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="160" n4="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzDcLVbCQpnERLcDjQ7aFHGnGRZUHeZnmw8ZW4VfpcKcc27Om3Xyif5Wx2N5ozH5DITrTlJXroLz9cMk4dVFuY08d06gseCBnzw1P0o7w3pV7j4tuzTin4W41hWSi9ovUZUGUR/s200/7.jpg" style="border: none; position: relative;" width="200" /></a><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Sampot Phamuong</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"> (</span><span lang="KHM" style="font-size: 12pt;">សំពត់ផាមួង</span><span lang="KHM" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALA-LC_Romanization" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="ALA-LC Romanization">ALA-LC</a>: saṃbát phā muaṅ) are many different variation of traditional Khmer textiles. They are single colored and twill woven. There are currently 52 colors used in Sampot Phamuong. The Phamuong Chorabap is a luxurious fabric using up to 22 needles to create. Phamuong variation are rabak, chorcung, anlounh, kaneiv and bantok. It usually contains floral and geometrical motifs. The most valued silk used to create the Phamuong is Cambodian yellow <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Silk">silk</a>, known for its fine quality. New designs draw inspiration from ancient patterns of old silk.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: magenta;">Sampot Hol</span></span></b></div>
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<i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Sampot Hol</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"> (</span><span lang="KHM" style="font-size: 12pt;">សំពត់ហូល</span><span lang="KHM" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALA-LC_Romanization" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="ALA-LC Romanization">ALA-LC</a>: saṃbát hūl) is a typical traditional textile. There are two kinds of Sampot Hol, one is a wrapping skirt that uses a technique called chong kiet and twill weave. Influenced by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_dress" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Indian dress">Indian</a> patola, it developed patterns and techniques over the centuries to become a genuine Khmer art style. The sampot hol has over 200 patterns combined with three to five colors, yellow, red, brown, blue, and green. There are four variations, sampot hol, sampot hol por, sampot hol kben and sampot hol ktong. Patterns are usually geometric motifs, animals, and flower motifs.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Both <i>Sampot Phamuong</i> and <i>Sampot Hol</i> believed to have invented from original <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampot" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sampot">Sampot</a> in<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_ages_of_Cambodia" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Dark ages of Cambodia">Oudok Era</a> as word Phamuong comes from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siam" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Siam">Siam</a> language that Pha mean Fabric and Mung mean violet while <i>Sampot Hol</i> had introduced as ceremonial skirtcloth to the Thai court as<i>sompak poom</i> or <i>pha poom</i> in 19th century. Although that era, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Thailand" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Culture of Thailand">Thai culture</a> influenced that much into Khmer society, Khmer weaving however, is not a copy from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siam" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Siam">Siam</a>, because<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> already had a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaving" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Weaving">weaving culture</a> before the Klung civilization. At this time,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_people" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Khmer people">Cambodia</a> still do not know what the word like <i>Phamung</i> meant in that time.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: magenta;">Sampot Tep Apsara</span></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmB8hlDuWdeKOiAzC-ZPypYCK1VPNiScYpxJB8U16W-D8STCbE3MwjHqLO12GZR2SH0wU3rVJqysf9GiZkAVZ7IppP5FqIRECba-0gKcorPjYuTOW-FlxnOW8CRlHL4HtU5gO-/s1600/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; color: #d6ca84; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="200" n4="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmB8hlDuWdeKOiAzC-ZPypYCK1VPNiScYpxJB8U16W-D8STCbE3MwjHqLO12GZR2SH0wU3rVJqysf9GiZkAVZ7IppP5FqIRECba-0gKcorPjYuTOW-FlxnOW8CRlHL4HtU5gO-/s200/1.jpg" style="border: none; position: relative;" width="186" /></a><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Sampot Tep apsara Angkor</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_language" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: </span><span lang="KHM" style="font-size: 12pt;">សំពត់ទេពអប្សរាអង្គរ</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">) is famous sampot in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_empire" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Khmer empire">Khmer empire</a> era, which still found on the bas belief of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsara" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Apsara">Apsaras</a> carving aroung Khmer Famous temple,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkor_wat" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Angkor wat">Angkor wat</a>. Generally, all of thoes skirt had tied to safely secure it on the waist with their style of golden belt, drop a long pleat at the middle of Sampot which the length of that fabric recoil at the calf of the leg. The hem of skirt at the both part always get a small knot up. There are also two knots come from the waist of sampot with the left Knot is the long knot like the thin long fabric while the right Knot in the same pgysical appearance but more decortion at the middle of it knot. Today, this style of sampot become the fictional skirt for nowadays people as No of this kind of sampot wearing by anyone but will an illustration to public as it will wearing in some show as they disgus as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsara" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Apsara">Apsara</a>.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: magenta;">Sampot Samloy</span></span></b></div>
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<i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Sampot Samloy</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_language" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: </span><span lang="KHM" style="font-size: 12pt;">សំពត់សំម្លុយ</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">) is long skirt used daily for men and women. The name Samloy mostly refers to no colour but black for ancient name, now it is sometimes recognized as the soft, thin fabric with more decoration and pattern look <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarong" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sarong">Sarong</a> <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batik" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Batik">Batik</a></i> but may be smaller. With its thin and soft appearance, the style of dress had been required to hold a knot, make it to become <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampot_Chang_Kben" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sampot Chang Kben">Sampot Chang Kben</a> easily. However, it is necessary to make a fold at the left or right side like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarong" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sarong">Sarong</a> and Another sampot but most of female wearer, likely to hold its knot at up middle, drop a small division site at the length of Saloy at the knee to be easily to walk for the wearer. Saloy was known to be popular during Chatomok Era.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: magenta;">Sampot Chorabap</span></span></b></div>
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<i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Sampot Chorabap</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_language" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: </span><span lang="KHM" style="font-size: 12pt;">សំពត់ចរបាប់</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">) is a long skirt of silk embroidered all over the gold thread,, worn by woman in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_classical_dance" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Khmer classical dance">Khmer classical dance</a>, newlywed and the character of Mae Hua (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_language" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: </span><span lang="KHM" style="font-size: 12pt;">មេហួ</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">) in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Ploughing_Ceremony" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Royal Ploughing Ceremony">Royal Ploughing Ceremony</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: magenta;">Sampot Sang</span></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYSJJhZm6SVvIV6ohY67I23lBd8_2i9Kfbve32XEU4R5zVz9VbGqWrQRUQGPnanFA9MnbaHXgwlRNvHdPzgLZHGaF85PXbDVEYxZrqQS-vScHtrLELeNJmj2LHc8d4Uluj2pGf/s1600/6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; color: #d6ca84; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="150" n4="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYSJJhZm6SVvIV6ohY67I23lBd8_2i9Kfbve32XEU4R5zVz9VbGqWrQRUQGPnanFA9MnbaHXgwlRNvHdPzgLZHGaF85PXbDVEYxZrqQS-vScHtrLELeNJmj2LHc8d4Uluj2pGf/s200/6.jpg" style="border: none; position: relative;" width="200" /></a><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Sampot Sang</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_language" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: </span><span lang="KHM" style="font-size: 12pt;">សំពត់សេង</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">) is a short skirt with silk embroidery.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: magenta;">Sampot Seai Sua</span></span></b></div>
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<i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Sampot Seai Sua</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_language" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: </span><span lang="KHM" style="font-size: 12pt;">សំពត់សែសយ</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">) is a kind of skirt of one colour with a gold or silver embroidered band along a lower ham. roday, this skirt is very popular among <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lao_people" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Lao people">Laotian</a>'s lady than <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_people" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Khmer people">Khmer people</a>.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: magenta;">Sampot Lbak</span></span></b></div>
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<i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Sampot Lbak</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_language" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: </span><span lang="KHM" style="font-size: 12pt;">សំពត់លើ្បក</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">) is a long skirt covered with entirely silk embroiredy. Today it is worn in marriage ceremonies in the place like Sampot Sabum. In ancient times, This kind of sampot is mostly worn by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobility" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Nobility">Noblemen</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> during <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovek" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Lovek">Lovek</a> era.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: magenta;">Sampot Aslom</span></span></b></div>
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<i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Sampot Aslom</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_language" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: </span><span lang="KHM" style="font-size: 12pt;">សំពត់អន្លូញ</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">) is a long skirt with the vertical stripes, commonly worn by old people or farmer in the countryside. This one is share highly common to Burma's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longyi" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Longyi">Longyi</a>.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: red;">Tops</span></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">There are many variation of Tops known as Shirt in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>. The invention of traditional Aor is found after <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_empire" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Khmer empire">Khmer empire</a> era at the late of 13 century to 14 century</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: magenta;">Chang Pok</span></span></b></div>
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<i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Chang Pok</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_language" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: </span><span lang="KHM" style="font-size: 12pt;">អាវចងពង់</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">) is a piece of fabric in any colour which <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_people" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Khmer people">Khmer people</a> at the late of 13 century especially women, started used it to cover their chest, showed up only the stomach. The style of Covering, is cover it at the back and each side of the fabric to join at the middle the chest and roll it to up to be smaller to tie which this style called<i>Chang Pok</i>.It then developed more to <i>Tronum</i> which is a thick and strong fabric cover on the chest of khmer lady, which stick on the body strongly. Sometimes, the commonly style of wearing this garment is similar way to wearing Aor Chang Pok, just Aor tronum, not showed as much skin like Aor Chang Pok. Popularity of wearing Aor Tronum, were for young rich lady during Chatomok Era and today an important costume of all to be used in<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_classical_dance" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Khmer classical dance">Khmer classical dance</a>.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: magenta;">Av Bupong</span></span></b></div>
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<i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Av Bupong</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_language" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: </span><span lang="KHM" style="font-size: 12pt;">អាវបំពង់</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">)mean tube skirt in English according to appearance like a long tube, bribe to the body at the head and drop to down easily. Aor Bupok is a long shirt like a dress than the regular shurt similar to Vietnamese <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ao_Dai" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Ao Dai">Ao Dai</a>, Indian's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurta" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Kurta">Kurta</a> and Malaysia's baju kurung. Generally, It has a Collar with a button at the length from the neck to chest like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurta" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Kurta">Kurta</a> while it normally norrow at the middle of the shirt in the stomach part like Baju Kurung but has the small hidden cut at hem of each shirt of shirt like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ao_Dai" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Ao Dai">Ao Dai</a> which allowed the below part of shirt turn to Wide and Big. Most of Shirt is length at the knee while few one just only Length at the thigh. This Shirt is famous during <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovek" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Lovek">Lovek</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oudong" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Oudong">Oudong</a> era worn by rich lady.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="background-color: white;">Av Dai Puon</span></span></span></b></div>
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<i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Av Dai Puon</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"> is a traditional blouse in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovek" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Lovek">Lovek</a> era. The name of dai puon is literally meaning according to inflated short arm. This shirt usually had a row of button and just of few of extremely rich girl counld had one during that era.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: magenta;">Av Pnot Kback</span></span></b></div>
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<i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Av Pnot Kback</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"> is the female formal shirt used for rich young lady. The whole row of its pleat filled with the decoration of flower paird with the collar and the hem of arm in the same style. This shirt invention period is not specifics but most of people believed it going to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovek" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Lovek">Lovek</a>. This one is quiet similar to Burma one, as maybe one of least inflnuced of Burma culture.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: magenta;">Av Neang Nov</span></span></b></div>
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<i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Av neang nov</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"> is a the long arm shirt, worn by woman.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: magenta;">Av Bar Bov</span></span></b></div>
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<i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Av Bar Bov</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"> is a no arm coat wear on the Av neang nov and Av Dai Puon. This shirt had the dounble of Button on its pleat. The name of Av Bar Bov is known as Lotus leaves, the literally meaning from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: magenta;">Av Pak</span></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkBwUhoKm7Ruu9hbTMDFwf5o9RziojQ6pb7rjFKM5NggsR6fIs7KqjQTYr-SezfjLwCG9Z6H387kxFzV1f6QJsgZLg_xxfsbUruK-65WEFvbL0LCbHQ4Lhx2F2YZu1SXvX-ujd/s1600/10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; color: #d6ca84; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="200" n4="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkBwUhoKm7Ruu9hbTMDFwf5o9RziojQ6pb7rjFKM5NggsR6fIs7KqjQTYr-SezfjLwCG9Z6H387kxFzV1f6QJsgZLg_xxfsbUruK-65WEFvbL0LCbHQ4Lhx2F2YZu1SXvX-ujd/s200/10.jpg" style="border: none; position: relative;" width="198" /></a><i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Av Pak</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"> is a recent popular fashion blouse in Cambodia worn by Woman. This one is known as the khmer version of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebaya" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Kebaya">Kebaya</a>with plain stamped cotton elaborately hand-painted embroidered silk with gold thread. In the past, this kind of shirt required it own unique style with only white colour with the high full of embroider. Today, This shirt has the more gold thread in several colour and had cut into a lot of modern fashion which highly popular to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_people" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Khmer people">Khmer people</a>especially middle aged and young woman with the narrow style and several decoration model. This shirt had been noted as today's khmer national costume where a lot of khmer girl had used this blouse at the special occasion both inside and outside <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> to revived the khmer identity. This shirt usually worn with Sampot Hol and a few worn with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampot_Chang_Kben" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sampot Chang Kben">Sampot Chang Kben</a></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: magenta;">Krama</span></span></b></div>
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<i><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krama" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Krama">Krama</a></span></i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0drWdJ9WJyMU6cVWQUAAcTBYWB92EuICvur6YtphUkH_DNHsEuVoyVOKtHvXpe1RnehfDMdd6dvHPxnJ7wtLbi2hir_KaJ7wS1am983H6Q8f-5gM0zW0eH4yMUZcm7BsH9zQH/s1600/9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; color: #d6ca84; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="150" n4="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0drWdJ9WJyMU6cVWQUAAcTBYWB92EuICvur6YtphUkH_DNHsEuVoyVOKtHvXpe1RnehfDMdd6dvHPxnJ7wtLbi2hir_KaJ7wS1am983H6Q8f-5gM0zW0eH4yMUZcm7BsH9zQH/s200/9.jpg" style="border: none; position: relative;" width="200" /></a><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Traditionally Cambodians wear a checkered scarf called a "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krama" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Krama">Krama</a>". The Krama has been a symbol of Cambodian dress since the first century reign of Preah Bath Hun Tean although it is not clear when exactly the krama became fashionable in the streets.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">A Cambodian woman wearing a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointed_hat" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Pointed hat">conical hat</a> to keep off the sun's heat in the rice fields. Her krama is worn underneath</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">The "krama" is what distinctly separates the Khmer (Cambodians) from their Thai, Vietnamese, and Laotian neighbors. The scarf is used for many purposes including for style, protection from the hot sun, an aid (for your feet) when climbing trees, a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammock" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Hammock">hammock</a> for infants, a towel, or a "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarong" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sarong">sarong</a>". A "krama" can also be easily shaped into a small child's doll for play. Under the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a>, all Khmer were forced to wear a checkered "krama".</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">The conical hat is also worn by many particularly by workers in the countryside to keep the sun off. This, however, is a Vietnamese hat that has been adopted to a certain extent by Khmer in the provinces adjacent to Vietnam.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: orange;">Cambodian Clothing style by period</span></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Traditional Cambodian clothing is broadly referred to as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampot" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sampot">Sampot</a> with many variations as National Dress of Cambodia. Assisting on one status in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_People" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Khmer People">Khmer</a> society, Khmer clothing has varied by region and time, and each social class has a different sense of fashion. Generally, the new fashion which had been invented in the current period, will always passed down to next period but just with some elimination replaced by new version but some clothing had been disappeared through the new era for long times and restored in another period due to the popularity.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: magenta;">Funan Era (68 AD – 550 AD)</span></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">As the first period of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Cambodia" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="History of Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, Funan lead its earlier fashion style to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_people" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Khmer people">Khmer people</a>, with its recently influenced by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_India" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Culture of India">India</a> in totally. Some clothing style of this period got a high similarity to Indian, just some different according to the native origin until the popularity of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampot" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sampot">Sampot</a> came to the country after a Cambodian king ordered the people of his kingdom to wear the sampot at the request of Chinese envoys. Despite got some similarity on costume style, both men and women had on own.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: red;">Men</span></span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">: All the male in the region had a totallly Indian influenced in their clothing. The people in the region generally worn <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampot_Chang_Kben" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sampot Chang Kben">Sampot Chang Kben</a> but the more influenced from Indian than today style. The noblemen, royalty and king prefer their own style in Sarabat texitle, the imported from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="China">China</a>. A bas belief evidence depicts that the wealthy people worn their clothing, very the same with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhoti" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Dhoti">Dhoti</a>, as it tying around the upper body and tie the waist with a thin pice of clothes.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Noble man and royalty worn <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampot_Chang_Kben" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sampot Chang Kben">Sampot Chang Kben</a> in their daily life with the chest exposed. The varieties of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yantra_tattooing" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Yantra tattooing">Yantra tattooing</a> had found in drawing of ancient khmer script on their body in order for protection. With the Hindism spread over the country, The King always crowned with long corner crown in different colour depicts their royalty.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: red;">Women</span></span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">:the lady likely to suit themselves with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampot" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sampot">Sampot</a> in different color and wrap around with beautiful golden belt at their waist. The most useful sampot is Sampot Sarabap made from the expensive light silk in the country. They let the upper body naked but the lady need to have a sarong kor as a .collar to praise their beautyJewellery allowed such as the Big triangle earring made from wood or gold and another kind of earring similar to bracelets.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Begin short straight hair is a head hairstyle for average people while tying a chignon can seem for Royalty.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Unlike the average with rich people, poor people look like a naked person with just straw skirt cover around their waist or wearing a skirt make from animal's skin or from the cotton. They habitually have no jewelry but got a same hairstyle to rich people.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: magenta;">Chenla (550 AD – 802 AD)</span></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Share the common with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Funan" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Kingdom of Funan">Funan</a> but <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chenla" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Chenla">Chenla</a> still received its unique style. According to the bas belief at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vat_Phou" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Vat Phou">Vat Phou</a>, a still ruin of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chenla" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Chenla">Chenla</a>, its national costume noticed a high different from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Funan" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Kingdom of Funan">Funan</a>, except the headdress which then allowed only King during that era.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: red;">Men</span></span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">: wear always ties one's hair into a chignon and crown it with funan style's headdress. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampot" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sampot">Sampot</a> still certainly wore by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chenla" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Chenla">Chenla</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_people" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Khmer people">People</a> but in different variation. The men enjoyed wear that kind of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collar_%28clothing%29" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Collar (clothing)">Collar</a> due to half undress, hold a sword meant for brave and begin muscle for known as strong.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: red;">Women</span></span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">: the lady also ties a hair into a chignon, just like the guy but suit the hairs with a beautiful flower or jasmine, also rose into chignon, described about womanly. Otherwise, they likely to crown with the round headdress made of gold with flower decoration instead. They also loved to wear <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampot" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sampot">Sampot</a> but Sometimes Lady likely to wore <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarong" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sarong">Sarong</a> with flower texile around with a nice<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pidan_%28textile%29" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Pidan (textile)">Pidan</a>, match with the golden belt and hold a new style of khmer sarong kor below their neck despite naked their breast and stomach. The most important thing of this era, The servant lady in the palace, know to wraps this left shoulder to their back and stomach by shawl like <b>sbai</b> instead which is a symbol of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> as well as Royalty wore Sava, a loosely decorated band of beads worn crosswise.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="color: magenta;">Angkor Era (8th Century to 14th century)</span></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_Empire" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Khmer Empire">Khmer Empire</a> or Angkor period is a strongly wave in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Cambodia" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="History of Cambodia">Cambodia History</a>, which then spread its whole culture to foreign as well as its more khmer fashion style rather than <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="India">Indian</a> of previous period. According to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_Daguan" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Zhou Daguan">Zhou Daguan</a>'s Description of the Khmer people, He wrote that:</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: red;">Men</span></span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">: had their chests exposed, walked barefooted and wore only a piece of cloth wrapping around their waists know as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampot" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sampot">Sampot</a>. Golden Belt is announced to be used again for the people in that area. Another average people wear a heavy silk short with a hand design on the legs, with the gold, black and white colour for useful. Instead of Golden Belt, they also wraps around the waist with Khmer's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krama" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Krama">Krama</a> and wear <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarong" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sarong">Sarong</a> as well. Two hairstyle is a regular ornament as straight hair and Chignon style.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: red;">Women</span></span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">: Female people had a nude chest, has no shoes but their traditional<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampot" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sampot">Sampot</a> and Sarong. Their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarong" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sarong">Sarong</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampot" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sampot">Sampot</a> noticed to be longer than men's, having a lot of Knots. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_Daguan" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Zhou Daguan">Zhou Daguan</a> reported that the common women had no hair ornaments, though some wore golden rings or bracelets and metal belt. Beautiful women were apparently sent into the court to serve the king or his royal family at his whim. Another evidence illustrate that average lady and rich lady in that era, used a golden buckle to cover this upper body and nomarlly, has a nignon hairstyle but allowed a large of polytail, on their shoulder.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: red;">Apsara</span></span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">: To Compare to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsara" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Apsara">Apsara</a>, a celestial dancer for royalty in Angkor Era as well as reminding a khmer clothing ornaments. their main dress ornament known as <i>Sarong Kor</i>, a gorgeous round decorative <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collar_%28clothing%29" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Collar (clothing)">Collar</a> (red colored) is highly visible, found just below the neck the collar is embellished with detailed gold colored copper ornaments and beaded designs. Also included a loosely decorated band of beads worn crosswise called <i>Sava</i>.They wore only <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampot" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sampot">Sampot</a>but more higher decoration than ordinary <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampot" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sampot">Sampot</a> with two knots around the waist. The right knot is long knot but left knot design more charming and fashionable. They cover their waist with a high professional design belt, decorated with warped spear-like tips draped on a red cloth, the straight cloth differs as it is a flat red cloth. Their most used jewerly confirmed as Ankle Jewelry, Dangling Earrings and Wrist Jewelry but best of all is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsara" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Apsara">Apsara</a>'s Crown features three points and two or three garlands with ornate adornments, made of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerald" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Emerald">Emerald</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Gold">Gold</a>.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Despite, this apsara costume not to wore today, it became the high culture of Khmer national costume and the main dress for Cambodian Famous, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsara_Dance" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Apsara Dance">Apsara Dance</a>.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: red;">Royalty</span></span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">: For the guy in a first class or known as royalty, they retreat their own type of Funan and Chenla's costume back as well as that era, Female's national costume got motif than the male gender but extra with <b>Sava</b> and <b>Sarong Kor</b>. In Contrast. The court lady and Queen have no different that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsara" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Apsara">Apsara</a> according to their costume but Queen <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayarajadevi" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Jayarajadevi">Jayarajadevi</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indradevi&action=edit&redlink=1" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Indradevi (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #cc2200;">Indradevi</span></a> carving are the best example with its unique different sava, made from silk feature golden twinkle floral print instead of bead to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsara" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Apsara">Apsara</a>. The Queen <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indradevi&action=edit&redlink=1" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Indradevi (page does not exist)"><span style="color: #cc2200;">Indradevi</span></a>'s crown confirmed a ten point and a large diamond center on headdress.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Since Thais sacked Angkor in 1400 AD. Chatomok period at its earliest time (Nowaday<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phnom_Penh" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a>) maintain the highly invader of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> rather than <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindism" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Hindism">Hindism</a> inflneuced since King <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayavarman_VII" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Jayavarman VII">Jayavarman VII</a>,the great reign. This post-angkor era submitted a power achievement dress contact with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> and abandoned some style substitute to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> such which had came through three period already. Legacy <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deva_%28Hinduism%29" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Deva</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsara" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Apsara">Apsara</a>'s crown among the one. According to unsure evidence for clothing habit of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_People" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Khmer People">Khmer People</a> during Chartomok, some thoughts suoposed its style fade to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovek" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Lovek">Lovek</a> region. However it then report that Chartomok People acquaint as great extraordinary fashion style than <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovek" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Lovek">Lovek</a>.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">After a long lost war, Cambodia Suvivar aware to lost an original way of living but then created the newstyle with the influence from its neighbourhood Country s into uniquely khmer thinking. Different of first three kingdoms in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Cambodia" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="History of Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, Cambodian had no tops exposed again but the nice fabric cover around beautifulully for Lady.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: red;">Men</span></span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">:Most of Men preferred Shirtless unless They were more wealty to find a top to suit their body. Odinary Khmer male's attire known specific as a wrapping like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Kben" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Chang Kben">Chang Kben</a> in several colour but more up to their thigh and strong hugging lower body, left them easily to work. The Noblemen or lord always worn a round collar shirt with a long pleat at the front and obtain four pocket at both side. At the period, most of male people had their hair long.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: red;">Women</span></span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">: Lady for this era satisfied themselves with high decoration garment. The Young lady consumed to wrap a wide fabric which about 2 meter around their body in Chang Pok style showed up the small part of stomach. This fabric is likely to decorated with several colors and many piece of silver, made by both heavy and soft cotton depend on rich or poor. The poor had to bandaged their body by joined the ends at middle of chest, drop the remain tail, length to their navel. In contrast, the rich lady tied their self in Chang Pok style more firmly by bride the bit of its upper hem at the left of another side, surely as its was hugging. However, it then developed to more tight, used a strong and solid cotton to weaving a fabric then covered their tops and join it end at left or right side of their body but sewed it to one piece which made the worner decreased their worried for its accidentally drop off. They also tie a lovely, big and soft shawl around their shoulders or down to the centre of their back but hold it on their arm instead. They worns with wrap around skirt called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampot_Samloy" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sampot Samloy">Sampot Samloy</a> in their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favourite_colour" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Favourite colour">favourite colour</a> and texile especially flora print called Kean or in the light silk and more strong cotton. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampot_Samloy" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sampot Samloy">Sampot Samloy</a> always worn by kept the front pleat, holding one side more up to make a knot at the top, secured with a golden or metal belt.Their hairstyle announced as worn their hair up in a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bun" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Bun">bun</a> or scatter the hair , raised the hem of hair at temple then drop over it shoulder to back with beautiful flower cover the hair or pinch it with nipper. As well as young lady, the old first class lady enjoyed wearing the fabric around their upper body but in weak decoration and not so charming colour. They worn it with their favourite Sampot Samloy generally in front pleat by only put its top hem to another side top or worn in '<b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarong" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sarong">Sarong</a></b> included some head jewelry as Bracelets, necklace and earring, made from silver, gold and metal. Astonised from young age, The female elders, performed their hairstyle out as Chignon style only.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">In contrast, the third class or average female people, had the some style of clothes to the upper class but with black colour the most and usually wearing <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarong" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Sarong">Sarong</a> with no decoration and Shawl but <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krama" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Krama">Krama</a> is a useful fabric.</span><br /><br /><div align="justify">
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><b><span style="color: red;">Royalty</span></b>: To Began in Monarchy, the fashion must be the most elegant of all. The King worn a long sleeves shirt at the top sewed with a hugging arms in rich embroidering, with a collar in sometimes round decortion and somes in a little sharp tips.It had sort of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epaulette" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Epaulette">Epaulette</a> that is a piece sewed with the shirt arching upwards like Indra's bow, represent a Chinese Style dressed infleuenced used during <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_Dynasty" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Tang Dynasty">Tang Dynasty</a>. There were Criss-crossing the front is the kse-sangvar of chains of rank which forms an 'X' as they cross over one another, on top of the kse-sangvar a diamond shaped pendant is worn. At the lower part they worn a knee length hugging trouser with some decoration at the hem, covering by a<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Kben" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Chang Kben">Chang Kben</a> which kept at thigh and had a belt at the waist. Another accessories including one rectangular loin-cloth at the front and sometimes two others on the side that look like fish tails.THis three pieces was traced to Angkor era. The King need to crown with a similar crown of Angkor period but more sharp tip and high.</span></li>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7ttPVwwwVyv1V8CpfunvtWU-UULkMmx9mYMm87HH6f54VhzUUIgjeLzR9kTwrds7UGlZBgQVz0FTmzecISA4AJ9cv0mqK9IhXZGZ45qyn_KxE7hJg1eKa5g2rZLF93KFmfdsa/s1600/4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; color: #d6ca84; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="200" n4="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7ttPVwwwVyv1V8CpfunvtWU-UULkMmx9mYMm87HH6f54VhzUUIgjeLzR9kTwrds7UGlZBgQVz0FTmzecISA4AJ9cv0mqK9IhXZGZ45qyn_KxE7hJg1eKa5g2rZLF93KFmfdsa/s200/4.jpg" style="border: none; position: relative;" width="156" /></a><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 18pt;"><span style="color: orange;">Black pajamas</span></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;">The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a> regime of the 1970s was well-noted for the popularity of unisex black "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pajamas" style="color: #d6ca84; text-decoration: none;" title="Pajamas">pajamas</a>." Typically the peasant outfit consisted of a collarless black shirt, baggy trousers, and checkered krama knotted loosely about the neck. Brightly colored clothing was strictly prohibited under the Khmer Rouge. People were limited to black, dark blue, or maroon plain coloring. Women were strictly forbidden to wear any Western-style trousers or jeans at any time, although this has now changed, becoming increasingly popular particularly among young women today.</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23131335.post-36840678675155658452013-01-12T13:56:00.001-07:002013-01-12T13:56:45.030-07:00Bill Clinton Turns To The Art Of Buddhist Meditation<span class="at16nc at300bs at15nc at15t_compact at16t_compact" style="background-image: url(http://ct1.addthis.com/static/r07/widget010_top.gif); background-position: 0px -576px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: block; float: left; height: 16px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px 4px 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 16px;"><span class="at_a11y" style="border: 0px; height: 1px !important; left: -10000px !important; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden !important; padding: 0px; position: absolute !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px !important;">More Sharing Serv</span></span><br />
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Former American president Bill Clinton has taken his exercise regime to spiritual heights – by learning the art of Buddhist meditation to help him relax.</div>
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Bill Clinton</div>
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The politician, 65, has recently taken up a healthier life-style including becoming vegan after a string of heart problems over the years.</div>
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And in his latest bid to improve his well-being, the Democrat has hired his own personal Buddhist monk to help him learn how to meditate properly.</div>
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Radaronline quoted a source as saying: ‘Ever since his heart scare, Bill has looked for ways to help him relax.</div>
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‘He has a hectic life, he travels a lot on business as an ambassador for the U.S. and needs something to keep him sane.</div>
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‘Meditation offers him that, he has a mantra that he likes to chant and after every session he feels transformed and full of positive energy.</div>
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‘It’s definitely doing him the world of good – he feels fitter and stronger than ever.’<span id="more-1439" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div>
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In February 2004, Clinton was rushed to Columbia Presbyterian Hospital in New York City after complaining of chest pains.</div>
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He needed to have two coronary stents implanted in his heart and a few months later in September underwent quadruple bypass surgery.</div>
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In 2010 he then had a clogged artery reopened – his second hert op in just five years – and announced he was giving up his diet of American fast food such as burgers, fries and deep-fried chicken to go vegan.</div>
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His strict diet consists of lots of fresh vegetables and fruit but he admits he still occasionally eats fish.</div>
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Source : colombotelegraph.com<br />
Courtesy dailymail.co.uk</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23131335.post-30128856127536720702012-12-25T15:24:00.002-07:002012-12-25T15:24:11.140-07:00Bringing Many Perspectives to Bear on a Human Tragedy<br />
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<span style="font-family: 'BernhardMod BT'; font-size: 28pt; font-style: italic;">Chair of Christian Thought presents</span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16pt;">The Iwaasa Lecture on Urban Theology</span> </div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 22pt;"><a href="http://rels.ucalgary.ca/sites/rels.ucalgary.ca/files/January%202013.pdf" style="color: #1825b4;" target="_blank">Panel on Homelessness</a></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16pt; font-style: italic;">Bringing Many Perspectives to Bear on a Human Tragedy</span></strong> </div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">Monday, January 21, 2013 at 7:30pm</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal;">Cathedral Church of the Redeemer<br />7th Ave and 1st St SE, Calgary</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;"><strong>His Worship Mayor Naheed Nenshi</strong> (Mayor of Calgary)</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">Opening Remarks</span></div>
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<strong style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">Dr. John Rook</strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;"> (CEO, Calgary Homeless Foundation)</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">homelessness as a social problem</span></div>
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<strong style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;">Bishop Fred Henry</strong><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;"> (Roman Catholic Bishop of Calgary)</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">homelessness as a spiritual problem</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt;"><strong>Mr. John Bodman</strong> (homeless for years)</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic;">homelessness as a personal problem</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow'; font-size: 9pt; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal;">Book Signing by Susan Scott, Author of </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://calgaryhomeless.com/media/blog/the-beginning-of-the-end/" style="color: black; text-decoration: initial;" target="_blank">The Beginning of the End</a></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 9pt; font-weight: normal;">Free copy of the book to first 100 people.</span></h2>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-23131335.post-50277995172068718782012-11-05T11:03:00.001-07:002012-11-05T11:06:24.337-07:00Summary of 21st Anniversary of Paris Peace AgreementOp-Ed: <a href="http://khmeryouth.cambodianview.com/">KC-YAA</a><br />
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This year is the third year Khmer-Canadian Youth Association celebrated the anniversary of Paris Peace Agreement (PPA). This year, the theme focused on <strong>"How peace mean to us? And how we can build peace?"</strong>
Many speakers who come from various disciplines and different backgrounds shed us light and gave us great input on this Peace Commemoration.
Sophan who is the president of the Youth Association and chair of the PPA Commemoration committee stressed on the importance of PPA comparing to the great civilization of the Angkor Era. He also valued the PPA as the renaissance of Cambodia. Further to his statement, the Youth will keep organize the Peace Commemoration annually to provide public with right understanding and help build peace together collectively. This concerted effort will not only ensure that Cambodia can get fruition from the PPA, the world will also share this peace process.
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MP Wayne Cao who is the member of parliament of Alberta government gave us a great importance on the decline of two countries who signed the PPA but Cambodia is still alive. The Russia union and Yugoslavia have been split, but he observed that Cambodia has been stronger by the PPA. He emphasized that the cold war has been died while the connectivity of people in the world has become more visible. On his sight back home of birth in Vietnam, Mr. Wayne Cao reflected on his life and his friend which both have born in the same location but made a living in different situation of political circumstance and economic development. Mr. Wayne highly appreciated the Peace Commemoration and he will join this celebration in years to come.
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Ms. Janyce Konkin who has extensively worked in Cambodia for "Initiative for Change" described the importance of building peace within individual first before expanding it to others such as family, community, nation and the world. In this context, Janyce shed us insight on both practical knowledge and academic theory. As her MA major focused on peace research, her conclusion wholly rests on individuals who must initiate peace within themselves first before outreaching to others. But she accepted the original interdependent of inside peace affects outside peace, and outside peace also affects inside peace. Her theory is not different from that of Lord Buddha and late Cambodian monk Maha Ghosananda. For the PPA, according to Janyce, it is a good instrument for peace development in Cambodia.
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<a name='more'></a>For Lynda whose profession is a teacher especially her experiences in South East Asian countries, the social media will play important role in this region. Observing from what has been happening in the Middle East or Arab Springs, social media will inevitably drive force for change in countries such as Burma and Cambodia. She highly commenced on the following up news easily received by internet through computer or cell phone as the step stone to advance social change. Her moving philosophy on powerful leaders only who are afraid of their own crimes, corrupted mind, violence, killing, threatening and their secrecy that will be one day disclosed...not us who are afraid nothing and we must not afraid them.
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For Mr. Pol who is the recipient in Master's Degree of Social Work and Psychology from the University of Calgary, PPA has brought many things to Cambodia and her people. Huge aids have been annually transferred to this country. Not only the country and her people have benefited from the PPA, the Cambodian government led by the Cambodian People Party has tremendously benefited from this PPA. However, he viewed that the government is still falling short on implementing the PPA. Special Rapporteur of the United Nations has recently recommended Cambodia to reform NEC or National Election Committee to ensure that election is fair and neutral. Poverty and injustice have become a key point of failure of the government in abiding by the PPA. More than this, the killing of environmentalist Chhut Vutthy and the humiliating of Ven. Luon Sovath have been an outstanding case current government is losing its face at the international arena.
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All members who participated the commemoration this year have highly admitted that PPA is the pillar of this country. Without PPA, Cambodia might not be able to exist today. Mr. Roeung like Mr. Pol and Mr. Sophan as well see the PPA is the legacy of King Norodom Sihanouk who passed away at the age of 90 years old on 15 October 2012 at Beijing. Millions of Cambodians including Buddhist monks mourned and shared condolence in last few weeks. Mr. Chan Voeun highly appreciated the effort of Youth who can make this commemoration successful today.
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In conclusion, PPA or Paris Peace Agreement this year has been celebrated by Cambodian people worldwide such as Canada, United States of America, Australia, Cambodia, French, Switzerland and many other countries. There are Cambodian people demonstrated in front of the United Nations in New York, and at the headquarter of the UNs in Switzerland. This commemoration has been seen as the public education, unification and peace building for all people regardless of their political tendency, color, age or social status. The participants and organizers have expected to build lasting peace and sustainable development for Cambodia. All participants and organizers got off home to the union or street to commemorate this day in order to stop all culture of pointing finger and coloring on each others.
May all being experience Peace, Progressive and Justice!!
21st Anniversary Organizer
<strong>Watching all movies non-stop</strong>
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