Fathers Day

Fathers Day Writen By. Phallika Seng

2020/21/06 Fathers Day.
On Fathers Day I made some food for my dad like chicken and eggs. We went into my Dads van after that and drove to Surrey to get an inflatable boat at Canadian Tire but when we were there my sister (littlest sister) was sleeping and so I had to stay in the car with my other sister Phallita. Minutes later my sister in the front of the car and trying to open the windows but truns on the alarm of the car I was super mad at her for doing that so I asked her to go and sit in the back when it stopped beeping or honking. After my dad came back with nothing I told him what happened when he was shopping. So then after that when we were going to Walmart both of my sisters slept and I really wanted to go inside of Walmart but I had to stay in the car again and I was sad but I had my dads phone when he left and had the keys for the car if the beeping happened again. After my dad came back with food we went to go to the Buddhist temple to give the food and my dad wanted me to take a video of it so I did and then we headed to tthe gas station to get the gas for the car and we got the the gas station that was close and got gas I helped my dad out the gas in the car and also washed the car. Got mcdonalds and went home and when we were home my mom was also so we watched a movie and then the day was done I went to bed and slept and that was my Fathers day or my dads I don't really know.

Progressive assessment and evaluation of early children and primary schooling

គោលការណ៍វាយតំលៃនិងវាស់កំរិតជឿនលឿននៃការសិក្សារបស់ក្មេងមត្តេយ្យនិងបថមនៅកាណាដា។

Happy Women Rights Day 8 March 2019

These are an invaluable art from a girl!

Weekly Reflection 8

Friday February 8                                  Weekly Reflection 

Things we did or learned this week :

 - Continued “ Skills for Success” where students work on math skills at their level then take a small skills quiz to prove they understand the concept. Then they move up to the next harder skill to practice and quiz. For students that can prove they have mastery of grade three level skills ( adding and subtracting to three digits with regrouping ) they can move beyond into multiplying and dividing skills.

• Played various puzzles and games and used chopsticks to pick up objects for counting collections as a way to celebrate Chinese New Year and build our numeracy skills.
• Did an All the facts and a How Many Ways, and Which One Doesn't Belong,plus I-pad games for math and coding.
• We continued with our Literacy routines of Word Work , Journals, and Literacy Centers activities while introducing a new way of organizing our Literacy time , called '' Daily 5 ''. We are practicing increasing our reading stamina ( sitting and reading a book by ourselves for longer and longer while asking ourselves ''Who and What'' to monitor comprehension ).
• Read the legends of Owl,Bear, and Raven.
• Our student teacher , Ms. Henderson read us a story,'' The Word Collector'' and we compared that story to ,''The Boy Who Loves Words''. We then chose words to define and hand on our own word line.
• Practiced and performed a Reader's Theatre to build our fluency skills.
• Chose to read either a Currents for Kids article or Jenna White Mysterys to practice our comprehension skills.
• Reviewed vocabulary for Science, watched a video about convection,conduction and radiation.
• Watched a video about Chinese New Year customs and practied writing keyword notes.
• Reviews the main parts of culture and read story called,'' Milo and the Mysterious island'' in which mice venture to another culture and how to react to others. We then looked for evidence of culture in the story.
• Practiced our balance and tumbling skills in gym with our ,'' Parkour /Gymnastics''.
• Kept researching for our Genius Hour projects.
• We helped our little buddies celebrate 100 Day with counting 100 objects and grouping them.

Friday Jan,18   Weekly Reflection                       
  - Played math games ( Differenceand War    and I wish I had ) to help us increase our subtraction fact fluency.   
- Begin a new math routine called ,"Skills for Success"where students  work on math skills at their level then take a small skills quiz to prove they understand the concept.  Then they move up to the next harder skill    to practice and quiz.For students that can be  they haved mastered of grade three level skills  ( adding subtracting  to 3 digits with regrouping )they can move beyond into multiplying and dividing skills.
- Practice applying our problem-solving skills with, " hot chocolate"related math problems. We continued to look for clues words and find the best strategy to help solve the problem( make an organization list,  guess and check, etc. )
- We continued with our Literacy routines of Word work ,Journals and Literacy Center activities .
- Read the Mystery of the Rainforest, where we continued to practice our close reading skills and tried to solve the mystery .
- Begin reading Magic Tree House Adventure ,Buffaloes Before Breakfast as a read  aloud . We are looking for clues as we read and are practicing our good reading strategies ( visualizing,questioning, connecting, inferring, predicting, summarising ). The book ties in with our Social studies learning about First Nations  culture. We are picturing what life was like and how people met their basic needs and wants 200 hundred years ago.
- Played games in the Gym and participated in the school-wide fitness Friday as our on fitness Friday .

Weekly reflection on Friday 11 January 2019

Friday January 11                  Weekly Reflection                             By Phallika  Pich Seng

Picture taken in 2017

1. Completed our addition and subtraction review called, '' Show What You Know '' in our text books , then had a small quiz to show what we understand .
2. Completed an All the Facts   and Which One Doesn't Belong to warm up our math brains after the break !
3. Played math games to help us increase our fact fluency.
4. We continued doing Literacy routines of Word Work , Journals, and Literacy Centers activities.
5. Practiced our public speaking skills as we did a round of Show And Tell.
6. Wrote,'' My Holidays, Fact OR  Fiction?'' which we read out and had the class guess if what we wrote was true or fake. It was a lot of fun and and the writing  was amazing.
7. Read the Mysteries of Cancelled Light Show, where we learned about Niagara Falls and looked for clues in the text to solve the mystery of who cut the power.
8. Voted to read Magic Tree House, Buffaloes Before Breakfast as read aloud instead of Lit Circles for a change up. We are looking for clues as we read and practicing our good reading strategies (visualizing, questioning, connecting, inferring, practicing, summarizing). This book also ties into our Socials learning about First Nations cultures.
9. Practiced reading a picture book with fluency and expression and read it to our little buddies. We also showed them our biodiversity books we made.
10. Played games in Gym and participated in the school-wide Fitness Friday as well as our own Fitness stations.
11. Has a school-wide assembly with a theme of goal setting.
12. Read about hidden sugar in beverages and learned about the benefits of water to keep our bodies healthy.
13. Made New Year's Resolutions and created a display on our bulletin board.
14. Introduced Genius Hour and chose our driving questions that we want to answer. All students should have brought this home for parents tos sign off on.
15. We began exploring our new science learning for this term, "All matter is made of chemical reactions, friction, convection, conduction, radiation, conductors, insulators). 
16. We brainstormed what we already know, question we have, then watched a video and wrote what we learned from that. We performed a small experiment using thermometers to measure temperatures of hot, room temperature, and cold water to practice the scientific method. We started reading and learning with a mini-book about thermal Energy and Heat.

Here is the full text of the resignation letter of Jim Mattis as U.S. secretary of defense

នេះបានសមជាអ្នកបំរើជាតិពិតប្រាកដមែន៖ លោកជេម ម៉ាទីស រដ្ឋលេខាធិការក្រសួងការពារជាតិអាមេរិក
----

Here is the full text of the resignation letter of Jim Mattis as U.S. secretary of defense:

SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
1000 DEFENSE PENTAGON
WASHINGTON, DC 20301-1000

December 20, 2018

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Dear Mr. President:

I have been privileged to serve as our country’s 26th Secretary of Defense which has allowed me to serve alongside our men and women of the Department in defense of our citizens and our ideals.

I am proud of the progress that has been made over the past two years on some of the key goals articulated in our National Defense Strategy: putting the Department on a more sound budgetary footing, improving readiness and lethality in our forces, and reforming the Department’s business practices for greater performance. Our troops continue to provide the capabilities needed to prevail in conflict and sustain strong U.S. global influence.

One core belief I have always held is that our strength as a nation is inextricably linked to the strength of our unique and comprehensive system of alliances and partnerships. While the U.S. remains the indispensable nation in the free world, we cannot protect our interests or serve that role effectively without maintaining strong alliances and showing respect to those allies. Like you, I have said from the beginning that the armed forces of the United States should not be the policeman of the world. Instead, we must use all tools of American power to provide for the common defense, including providing effective leadership to our alliances. NATO’s 29 democracies demonstrated that strength in their commitment to fighting alongside us following the 9/11 attack on America. The Defeat-ISIS coalition of 74 nations is further proof.

Similarly, I believe we must he resolute and unambiguous in our approach to those countries whose strategic interests are increasingly in tension with ours. It is clear that China and Russia, for example, want to shape a world consistent with their authoritarian model gaining veto authority over other nations’ economic, diplomatic, and security decisions to promote their own interests at the expense of their neighbors, America and our allies. That is why we must use all the tools of American power to provide for the common defense.

My views on treating allies with respect and also being clear-eyed about both malign actors and strategic competitors are strongly held and informed by over four decades of immersion in these issues. We must do everything possible to advance an international order that is most conducive to our security, prosperity and values, and we are strengthened in this effort by the solidarity of our alliances.

Because you have the right to have a Secretary of Defense whose views are better aligned with yours on these and other subjects, I believe it is right for me to step down from my position. The end date of my tenure is February 28, 2019, a date that should allow sufficient time for a successor to be nominated and confirmed as well as to make sure the Department’s interests are properly articulated and protected at upcoming events to include Congressional posture hearings and the NATO Defense Ministerial meeting in February. Further, that a full transition to a new Secretary of Defense occurs well in advance of the transition of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in September in order to ensure stability within the Department.

I pledge my full effort to a smooth transition that ensures the needs and interests of the 2.15 million Service Members and the 732,079 DoD civilians receive undistracted attention of the Department of all times so that they can fulfill their critical, round-the-clock mission to protect the American people.

I very much appreciate this opportunity to serve the nation and our men and women in uniform.

James N. Mattis

វិធីព្យាបាលការក្អួតរបស់ក្មេង

Treating Your Child for Vomiting=វិធីព្យាបាលការក្អួតរបស់ក្មេង

Vomiting is more forceful and painful than spitting up. Vomiting can cause a child to lose fluids, so it's important to watch for dehydration. ការក្អួតគឺដោលនិងឈឺខ្លាំងខុសពីការស្តោះទឹកមាត់ ដូច្នេះត្រូវប្រុងប្រយ័ត្នតាមដានការអស់ជាតិទឹកក្នុងខ្លួន។

អាហារមានជាតិពុល គឺជាសាហេតុភាគច្រើននាំអោយក្មេងក្អួនចង្អោរខ្លាំង

1. Treat Symptoms of Vomiting=ការព្យាបាលអាការៈក្អួត
- Give fluids in small amounts. ផ្តល់ទឹកផឹកក្នុងបរិមាណតិច
- If your infant is breastfeeding, continue to nurse your baby. បើបំបៅកូន បន្តបំបៅ
- Your doctor may want you to give your baby small amounts of oral electrolyte solution. Check the amount with your doctor.្ វេជ្ជៈបណ្ឌិតអាចនឹងផ្តល់អោយនូវទឹកអេឡិចត្រូឡាយតាមមាត់ក្នុងបរិមាណតិច។
- Give toddlers about one tablespoon of oral electrolyte solution, ice chips, diluted juice, or clear broth every 15 minutes. If your child continues to vomit, call your doctor. ផ្តល់អោយក្មេងទើបចេះដើរមួយស្លាបព្រាតូចនូវទឹកអេឡិចត្រូឡាយតាមមាត់ ដុំទឹកកកតូច ទឹកផ្លែឈើរាវគ្មានកាក ឬទឹកចំរាញ់រាវគ្មានកាកគ្រប់១៥នាទីម្តង។

2. Watch for Signs of Dehydration=តាមឃ្លាំមើលរោគសញ្ញានៃការខ្សោះជាតិទឹក
- Call your doctor if you see any of these signs: dry mouth, crying without tears, dry diapers, urine that is very dark, sunken soft spot on the top of the head.្ ពិនិត្យមើមាត់ស្ងួត យំអត់ទឹកភ្នែក កន្ទបស្ងួត ទឹកនោមដែលមានព៌ណខ្មៅ មានពកទន់ៗផុសចេញនៅលើក្បាល ហើយត្រូវទូរស័ព្ទប្រាប់វេជ្ជៈបណ្ឌិតជាបន្ទាន់បើមានអាការៈទាំងអស់នេះ។

3. After 3 to 4 Hours Without Vomiting = ៣ឬ៤ម៉ោងដែលមិនមានការក្អួតក្រោយមក
- Give your child larger amounts of fluid. ផ្តល់អាហារក្នុងបរិមាណច្រើនអោយគេញ៉ាំ

ជំងឺធ្លាក់ទឹកចិត្ត

Depression = ជំងឺធ្លាក់ទឹកចិត្ត

Symptoms រោគសញ្ញាមានដូចជា៖
- Trouble concentrating, remembering details, and making decisions. បញ្ហាចិត្តមិនស្លុង ការចងចាំមិនច្រើន និងការសម្រេចចិត្ត
- Fatigue. ល្ហិតល្ហៃ អស់កំឡាំង
- Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, and helplessness. តូចចិត្ត គ្មានតំលៃ និងគ្មានគេជួយ
- Pessimism and hopelessness. ទុទិដ្ឋិនិយម និងគ្មានគេជួយ
- Insomnia, early-morning wakefulness, or sleeping too much. គេងមិនលក់ ព្រឹកពីព្រលឹមអុលជាប់ជានិច្ច ឬដេកច្រើនជ្រុល
- Irritability. មួម៉ៅឆាប់ខឹង
- Restlessness. អន្ទៈសារ
- Loss of interest in things once pleasurable, including sex. ឈប់អារម្មណ៌របស់ដែលធ្លាប់ធ្វើអោយសប្បាយរួមទាក់ការរួមភេទ។

Rainy day

What's rainy day?

I got a phone to update blog

Thank you dad for the phone and I used my phone for good things and not be bad

My Winter Adventure

       By Phallika                        My Winter Adventure                                       Dec .2018

                    One blustery , cold winter day, i woke up to find the word blanketed in fresh snow!
I run to my window and I saw my sisters' playing in the snow. I went to my closet to get my scarf,mittens and my snow clothing. When I was done I went outside and my friend's were there I was happy because I knew what was going on , oh and

I'll tell you right now . So my friend's and I  are going somewhere .We are going to a place that i don't know and it starts with a A ya a A and we went with car.When we were there I was  runing because we were there but something bad happened. The snow went crazy and we went inside.When we were inside we drink hot coco it was yummy. THE END

Database Records part I

Op-Ed: The CEROC

កំណត់ហេតុក្នុងទិន្នន័យ

ហេតុអ្វីបានជាគេហៅថា រដ្ឋាភិបាលខុសច្បាប់?

‌            មានបងប្អូនខ្មែរយើងដាក់ចំងល់និងសំណួរជាច្រើនដល់រដ្ឋាភិបាលលោកហ៊ុន-សែន បច្ចុប្បន្នថាជារដ្ឋាភិបាលខុសច្បាប់ក្រោយពីបោះឆ្នោតប្រកបដោយបដិវាទកម្មកាលពីថ្ងៃទី២៩ ខែកក្កដា ឆ្នាំ២០១៨។ មតិសំខាន់មួយចំនួនផ្តោតទៅលើនីតិវិធីរៀបចំបោះឆ្នោតរបស់គជប ខ្លះ ទៀតទៅលើនីតិវិធីតុលាការដែលខ្វះឯករាជ្យភាព និងខ្លះទៀតទៅលើអាកប្បកិរិយានៃការ ប្រើប្រាស់អំណាចរបស់អ្នកកាន់អំណាច។ ប៉ុន្តែមតិដែលសំខាន់ជាងគេនិងខ្វះមិនបានគឺការ រំលោភទៅលើរដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញរបស់ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជាដែលចែងច្បាស់អំពីអ្វីគឺជាតិនិងអ្វីគឺ
រដ្ឋាភិបាល?។

ជាតិគឺមានន័យថាប្រទេសដែលមានប្រជាពលរដ្ឋនិងដែនអធិបតេយ្យភាព។ តាម រដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញ ប្រជាពលរដ្ឋគឺជាម្ចាស់ប្រទេស ហើយអំណាចគ្រប់គ្រងប្រទេសគឺជាប្រជាពលរដ្ឋ ដោយអនុវត្តន៍តាមរយៈតំណាងរាស្រ្តរបស់ខ្លួនដែលខ្លួនជ្រើសរើសអោយធ្វើការក្នុងរដ្ឋសភាដើម្បីតាក់តែង ត្រួតពិនិត្យ វិសោធនកម្ម និងពង្រឹងអោយមានការអនុវត្តច្បាប់។

រដ្ឋាភិបាលគឺបណ្តុំអ្នកដឹកនាំដែលសភាក្នុងគណបក្សរបស់ខ្លួនបានទទួលសំលេងឆ្នោតច្រើនជាងគេដាច់ខាតក្នុងការជ្រើសរើសក្បាលម៉ាស៊ីនគឺនាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រីព្រមទាំងសមាជិក

ខុទ្ធកាល័យនៅក្នុងទីស្តីការគណៈរដ្ឋមន្ត្រីដោយមាននីតិវិធីក្នុងការអនុវត្តរបស់ខ្លួនទៅតាមច្បាប់ស្តីពីទីស្តីការគណៈរដ្ឋមន្ត្រី។ តាមច្បាប់បច្ចុប្បន្នចាប់ពីរដ្ឋមន្ត្រីឡើងទៅរហូតដល់នាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រី គឺជាសមាជិកនីតិប្រតិបត្តិដែលត្រូវបានកំហិតដោយរដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្ញមានអំណាចអនុវត្ត ហើយដាច់ ស្រឡៈពីអំណាចនីតិបញ្ញត្តិនិងអំណាចតុលាការ។ សូមបញ្ជាក់ថាក្រោយពីច្បាប់ប្រគល់អោយ នាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រីមានសិទ្ធិតែងតាំងរដ្ឋលេខាធិការនិងអនុរដ្ឋលេខាធិការដោយត្រង់មក តំណែងទាំង ពីរនេះនឹងមិនជាសមាជិកទីស្តីការគណៈរដ្ឋមន្ត្រីដែលជាកូតាគណបក្សឈ្នះឆ្នោតតាមច្បាប់ទៀតឡើយ។ ជាសរុប លទ្ធផលបោះឆ្នោតកន្លងមកគឺជាការបោះឆ្នោតបែបឯកបក្ស ហើយលទ្ធផល ឆ្នោតគឺជាលទ្ធផលឯកបក្ស ដែលប្រការនេះនាំទៅរកការបង្កើតរដ្ឋាភិបាលឯកបក្សមិនស្របច្បាប់ ដែលមានសមាជិកជានាយករដ្ឋមន្ត្រី ទេសរដ្ឋមន្ត្រី និងរដ្ឋមន្ត្រី។

ដូច្នេះ ជាតិកម្ពុជាដែលមានប្រជាជនជាង១៦លាននាក់ មន្ត្រីរាជការស៊ីវិលនិងកងកំលាំង ប្រដាប់អាវុធសរុបទាំងអស់ជិត២លាននាក់គឺជាក្រុមជំនាញស្របច្បាប់បន្តបំរើប្រជាពលរដ្ឋបាន។ ចំណែករដ្ឋាភិបាលមិនស្របច្បាប់បច្ចុប្បន្នបានកំពុងខ្វះនិត្យានុកូលភាពក្នុងការប្រើប្រាស់ធនធាន ជាតិ ការសម្រេចចិត្តសំរាប់ជាតិនូវបញ្ហាធំៗ ទំនាក់ទំនងអន្តរជាតិដោយស្មើមុខស្មើមាត់ និងការ ខ្ចីបុលថវិកាពីបរទេស។ អ្វីដែលរដ្ឋាភិបាលបន្តធ្វើក្នុងពេលបច្ចុប្បន្នគឺគ្រាន់តែអាកប្បកិរិយារំលោភ អំណាចតែប៉ុណ្ណោះ។

ធ្វើនៅកាណាដា ថ្ងៃទី២០ ខែធ្នូ ឆ្នាំ២០១៨

DATABASE RECORD

Why have they called “illegitimate government”?

            Many people have wondered and inquired on the current government of Cambodia as “illegitimate” after the election on July 29, 2018 which was full of controversy. Some perspectives stressed on the election conducted by the NEC, some stressed on the legal procedures of the court which are very “biased”, and some stressed on the behaviors of power used by the power-holders. But the most important and essential perspective is the violation over the Constitution of the Royal Kingdom of Cambodia which has clearly inscribed the different between Nation and Government.

Nation means the country that has existed population and sovereign independence. According to the Constitution, the people are the owner of the country, and the power to govern the country is the people exercising through their Representatives whom elected by the people to create, to monitor, to amend, and to enforce the laws.

Government means the team of officers whose winning political party has rights to select Prime Minister and members of the Cabinet in accordance to the Statute on the Cabinet of Minister. According to current law, the members of Cabinet comprises of ministers to prime ministers and they are the member of the Executive Branch which has been mandated by the Constitution. They could exercise their power independently without interfering the power of Judiciary and Parliament. Note that after the amended law allowing Prime Minister to having power to nominate Secretary of State and Under-secretary of State directly, these two posts are not belonging to the Cabinet as the quota from winning political party any more, according to the law.

In conclusion, the result of national election which is the election conducting by the single party, the election result is the single party result, which has led to the creation of an illegitimate Government of a single-party state government with composition members of Prime Minister, Senior Ministers, and Ministers.

So, the Cambodia nation as a State comprises of over 16 million population with nearly two millions public servants of both civil servants and arm-force, they could conduct their legitimate tasks as usual as they are the technical team to serve the people. For the current illegitimate government, they have lost their own legitimacy to utilize nation wealth, to undertake decision-making for major tasks of the nation, to mutually conduct diplomacy with foreign countries, and to approve loans lending from foreign partners. What the current government has been undertaking at the present are just the perpetual power-abused.

Canada, December 20, 2018

Read PDF of the database record of the CEROC Part I

Building political ownership and technical leadership Decision-making, political economy and knowledge use in the health sector in Cambodia

Building political ownership and technical leadership Decision-making, political economy and knowledge use in the health sector in Cambodia

Op-Ed: odi.org

6 Recommendations

Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations can be made for AusAID Cambodia and other international development agencies engaging in the health sector in the country.

6.1 Recommendations for the next phase of programming

At the time of writing, it seems likely that HSSP II will be extended by one year, with the start of 2015 most likely to be the starting point of the next phase of AusAID support to the sector (Pearson, 2012). The following recommendations represent principles and ideas which could help guide the overall approach for this next phase of programming.

6.1.1 Politically savvy programming

1. Effective support for Cambodia’s health sector may involve designing elements of programmes to ‘go with the grain’ of political economy dynamics. This has the potential to have a high impact on health outcomes.

a. Attempting to work with the trend of mass patronage, by encouraging health to be seen as an appropriate ‘gift’ to constituents (e.g. disbursing vaccinations, dietary supplements, medicines), would be likely to garner the required behind-the-scenes approvals and ownership which could see broad, fast and effective roll-out with minimal leakage.

b. This could involve providing funding and/or in-kind resources for relatively top-down, one-off solutions to certain problems – for example, vaccinations, bed nets, or nutritional supplements. Key local government actors (and possibly CPP working groups) should be engaged, and it would be important that there were space for government and/or CPP to claim some credit for handouts. The issues of branding and publicity would need to be carefully considered.

c. Patronage-based distribution helps trickle down resources and allow for services to reach local people to some extent; yet it is far from being systematic and equitable. Complementary activities could be carried out to compensate for the downsides of mass patronage. One important priority would be public education and awareness to make the demand for health services better informed. Mitigation should be made for areas which are under-prioritised by the patronage system, for example through ensuring that NGOs focus service delivery on areas with low political priority.

d. Programmes could limit downsides through making gifts selectively available – for example, on issues where citizen demand is more likely to coincide with good medical advice, and by making the volume of gifts available proportional to the burden of disease or magnitude of the problem.

e. IDPs may want to limit their exposure to risk in such a programme through focusing on impact. Although it may often involve a ‘second best’ response to problems, the nature of handouts means they are suitable for conducting highly rigorous impact evaluations, which would establish improvement in health outcomes attributable to the programme, with a high level of certainty. Full randomised control trials are unlikely to be possible given the (required) lack of control over disbursement; however a variety of quasi-experimental methods should still be able to establish the value of the programme beyond reasonable doubt.

2. It should be recognised that medium- to long-term prospects for sustainability and effectiveness in the sector hinge on whether greater political ownership by the Cambodian government(15) can be built over health service delivery.

a. IDPs should formulate a basic theory of change and some principles and assumptions relevant to Cambodian context about how political ownership can be built in the sector. From that, they should identify strategic entry points or issues on which it is acceptable for them to work, or where their programmes can in some way contribute to health sector programming.

Political Paradigm of Pragmatism from the Khmer Youth part 39

Op-Ed: Leadership Skills

This part (39), the author Mr. Sophan Seng analysed the Education Reform of Cambodia. Beside of his summary of education history of Cambodia, two points are keyly elaborated:

1. The displacement of Cambodian workers majorly young people to work in South Korea, Thailand, Malaysia or other countries, have evidently brought with them the two hands and two legs to scavenge soil and dirt in those countries in expected returns of higher compensation than working inside Cambodia. They didn't bring with them skills or expertise they have accumulated or learnt in Cambodia at all. Or if they have some levels of education, or skills, those host countries didn't value or accept such credential at all. So we could conclude that Cambodian youths have used only heritage from their parents (body and mind) to earn a living in those countries. Those youths have not been able to use their skills or knowledge from Cambodia schools at all.
2. Second point is the foreign direct investment (FDI) in Cambodia. Until today, we see only garment factories being planted and mushroomed in Cambodia. The requirement of education credential or experiences for those garment labors (although completion of diploma or 12 years compulsory education) are not needed. Whenever, those young men and women can use their both hands, they are accepted to work. Their work environment is basic laboring, not skilling or technical utilization. Once, the factories are closed, those workers could not transfer their skills or inscript it into CV for higher position with expected higher wages beside of garment factory at all.

So education system in Cambodia has remained in limbo in producing higher skills and workable human resource in real working environment. But the recent strictness in high school examination is in question that: those passed and failed candidates are retained good quality of education or not?

Hun Manet speaks to Beverley O'Connor of ABC News

Op-Ed: Leadership Skills

Pragmatically speaking, there are many things to be considered from his speech, but I have not been confident and it shall not buy out on his two points argument: peace and stability, and corruption is a universal human failure. In front of the 70% Cambodian young voters, Hun Sen has failed terribly on his boast of stability, peace and incremental progress during this 30 years under his power grip. Now his son has inherited such failure argument to aim on what? Corruption is not a universal practice and it is not a universal value at all. He might not be able to distinguish the difference between institutional corruption and individual corruption (which lean into nature of human greed)? More than this whenever he has never spoken up against corruption, it means he has conspirated it or involved in corruption. This last resort is very unfortunate for Cambodia to be survived on this planet.

At the end, observing from his stance, it is not wrong to attest the public saying: "like father like son" within a general perception. One of the likeness illustrated is the "self-defense" politics... I could assure you all that this self-defense approach has been very outdated. Whenever the incumbent clan of Cambodia politics has never learnt to accept mistakes, failure, reality, and Pragmatism, the navy of Cambodia is remained in the brink of danger. (Courtesy: Sophoan Seng facebook)  

Hun Manet speaks to Beverley O'Connor'Not no, not yes' Hun Manet, the son of Cambodia's prime minister Hun Sen, has declined to say if he wants the top job one day in a rare interview. Posted by Radio Australia on Friday, October 16, 2015

Siem Reap Ranked World’s Fourth Best City for Tourists

Siem Reap Ranked World’s Fourth Best City for Tourists

JULY 4, 2014

Siem Reap is the the fourth best city in the world for travelers, according to readers of Travel + Leisure magazine.

The city received a score of 89.82 out of 100 in the magazine’s 2014 World’s Best awards. Among the categories readers were asked to rate were hotels, airlines, spas and city attractions.

Siem Reap’s best-ever showing on Travel + Leisure’s list comes about two weeks after Siem Reap’s Angkor Wat and Bayon temples placed 6th and 7th, respectively, among the world’s top 10 tourist attractions, according to TripAdvisor’s Travelers’ Choice awards.

wilwohl@cambodiadaily.com

In Cambodia, A Lost City Is Found

David Perry   |

Sep 23, 2014 01:51 AM EDT

(Photo : Phnom Kulen Program) The ancient royal city of Mahendraparvata was little more than a legend until modern technology spotted it.

Archeologists working in the Southeast Asian nation of Cambodia announced the discovery of a city once thought to be legend.

The nation is most famous for Angkor, the illustrious capital of Khmer Empire, that rose near the Tonle Sap Lake around 1150 AD. But a rare few inscriptions tell of another, older city called Mahendraparvata that may be the true birthplace of Khmer culture. But nobody knew where it was.

Until now Archeologists flew over a plateau northeast of Angkor called the Kulen Hills using lidar, a technology that strips away otherwise impenetrable vegetation. The region is mentioned as the site of Mahendraparvata, but is so vast and so over grown by near-impenetrable rain forests that work on the ground would have taken years.

Before the survey team's eyes, a neat grid of streets and boulevards appeared out of the jungle, dotted with temples, man-made ponds, and evidence of hydraulic architecture that is the hallmark of Angkor's dazzling water-controlling civilization.

Even more impressive, the street grid defied geography; roads and ceremonial pathways cut straight through hills and dales across the plateau.

"You have this kind of sudden eureka moment where you bring the data up on screen the first time and there it is - this ancient city very clearly in front of you," said Dr. Damian Evans of the University of Sydney in Australia, who led the lidar survey.

The lost Buddha relic impacts on the treasure of Cambodia nation

Posted on December 15, 2013 by Sophoan

Buddha’s relic is very important and sacred treasure for Cambodian Buddhists while it was stolen on December 10, 2013 at the Udong Sakyamuni Buddha stupa in Kandal province about 20 km. from Phnom Penh. The loss of this treasure has triggered sadness for all Cambodians. The relic has symbolized the national holiness, the faith, the pride and the soul of this nation. To be known as Buddhism institution in this nation, the strong pillars comprise of:

1. Buddha or the Founder refers to Buddha statue (imitating the actual Buddha image in shape of iconic statue or painting. Buddha said Yo Mam Passati So Dhammam Passati means one who see him see his teaching) and the actual relic of the Buddha. Relic was spared to different locations by the Tona Brahma after the cremation of the Lord Buddha and Cambodia is believed to receive on piece of hair offered by Sri Lanka government during the reign of King Norodom Sihanouk and Supreme Patriarch Chuon Nath.
2. Dhamma or the Teaching refers to the Tipitaka, Pariyati and Pali language school, Samadhi practice and Buddhist learning.
3. Sangha or the Community refers to four disciples such as Bhikkhu, Bhikkhuni, Upasaka and Upaseka
4. Rituals or Sasanapithi refers to both disciplinary rituals such as ordination, pavarana-kamma and Kathina etc.; and ordinary rituals such as Visakha Bochea, Pchum Ben etc.
5. Sacred Place/Worshiping Place or Sasanasthan refers to Bodhi tree, Temple, Buddha Statue and Relic

Observing from these five pillars, the loss of relic is comparing like losing one of the key pillars. Note that, in Cambodia, the stolen relic is the most important one in this nation.

If the authority can not return back the relic from thieving this time, there will be disastrous consequences in the future.

Buddhism and the rituals

An email of CAN and Campro member questioning on the daily Dana or charity in Cambodia has drawn attention members a lot to further explore this social recurring puzzling question. Sophal Chan who initiated this question upon his field research and observation over Tver Bon or Making Merit by Cambodian people. It has not been consistent with the well-being and living standard of those religious people at all while those poor donors have will to donate huge amount of materials rather than use those material for the demand of their daily living. The question possibly falls upon what term Tver Bon's equivalency to the English one ie ceremony, making merit or ritual etc? Why many Cambodian people can afford to donate and prepare luxurious rituals to dedicate to their dead relatives or parents more than plan to inject those money to the present daily living or make their living standard well off? Does the belief in next life overturn this life in term of making merit?

As a member of both CAN and Campro, and as my keen research interest has tremendously fallen up Cambodian Buddhism, Cambodian leadership and culture; I wish to take this opportunity to elaborate to the best of my ability.

I will not try to answer those questions substantially but I will pick up some important agenda on the core value of Buddhism and the way of practices that Cambodian Buddhists should do.

Is ritual important in Buddhism?
In general, Buddhism is composed of five fundamental pillars:
1. Founder or Saasadaa  which refers to Lord Buddha or the term means Enlightened One or Awaken One
2. The teaching or Dhamma or Saasanathir which refers to His teaching totaling of 840,000 chapters comprising of 110 books within Cambodian Tripitaka version.
3. The monk community or Sangha or Saasana Saavaka which refers to four different types of followers such as Bhikkhu monk, Bhikkunii monk, lay man or Upaasaka, and lay woman or Upaasikaa
4. The rituals or Saasana Pithii which refers to rites, ceremonies, function, celebration, commemoration, charity, volunteering, worshiping and other activities to accumulate merits
5. The sacred places or pilgrimages or Saasanasathaan which refers to holy places of Buddhism such as Birthplace, Stupa for Relics, Bodhi tree, temples and other sanctuaries.

By mentioning above five fundamental pillars, ritual is important in Buddhism.

What are those rituals?
In general, we can distinguish rituals into two types:
1. Pure Buddhist rituals which refer to any ceremonies are conducted to honor Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha. Those activities are including daily worshiping or chanting, Vishaka Bochea day, Magha Bochea day, Asalaha Bochea day, Buddhist Lent, Buddhist out of Lent, Kathina, ordination etc.
2. Traditional Buddhist rituals which refer to any ceremonies are conducted to get along with tradition, culture and local belief. Those activities are including Khmer New Year, Bon Pchum Ben or Ancestor Festival, Bon Pachai Boun or four necessities offering, Bon Teakenaanupatean or Offering for the Death, wedding, funeral, gratefulness or longevity parita chanting etc.

Beside these, there are many merit making or social activities such as volunteering, charity to the poor and destitutes, the engaging in protecting environment, the engaging in treatment of the HIV/AIDS population, or the engagement in the guarding on those peaceful rallies etc.

Pressing Issues
Political Scientist Jean-Jacques Rousseau said in his book on "Social Contract" that political leadership is the distribution between "leaders" and "followers". Leaders can shape and change attitude of followers; and followers can shape and change capacity building of the leaders. The interaction of these two contracts has evolved in accordance to culture, geography, political climate and norms etc.

Cambodia has been known for her history of great Angkor civilization and the renewal of this pride has been strongly embedded within Cambodian mindset. Among other means to legitimate power and the effective communication of the political contract is the charity activities.

Rousseau pointed that the leaders can apply all his capacity to utilize the existing pattern of culture and belief to infuse their power. It is the comprehension of the leaders to know their followers very well in order to lead them. If leaders don't know the mindset of their followers, the interaction and power communication will vanish spontaneously. Thus, Rousseau encouraged legislators to draft and amend the neutral laws to mediate and neutralize any types of power abusing by the leaders.

Buddha's principle teaching is not different from Rousseau's. All rituals are encouraged to cultivate all good, to give up all evils and to cleanse one own's mind. Any rituals which are not supportive to the practice of the Dhamma were dismissed by the Buddha. Buddha dismissed Bhikkhu monks who have conducted rituals such as charming spell, good luck writing, palm reading, tattooing, fortune telling, water sprinkling and others in which He addressed that Bhikkhu monks are highly revered and if any Bhikkhu monks conducted such rituals, it is comparing like lowering themselves down to the lowest level and they are running a business which is not the duty of the Sangha.

In my book "Political Leadership: Which Way Cambodian Leaders Should Choose to Pursue?" (it will be for the public soon) has thoroughly elaborated on the way Charity in Buddhism for Cambodian people should be undertaken. The premises that all leaders and followers must be mindful to practice in accordance to the Buddha's teaching are:
1. Giver (Daayaka/Daayikaa) must be in good stand of morals, pure mind and courteous.
2. Receiver (Padikhaahaka) must be in good stand of discipline (Vinaya), pure mind and behaviour.
3. Material (Teyavattu) must be in good stand of right livelihood, pure and unconditional.

Merit and sin in Buddhism cannot be traded off or interchangeable. If one stole and killed, one cannot expect to make merits in order to redeem sins at all.